ArticleCell2020
Microglia Require CD4 T Cells to Complete the Fetal-to-Adult Transition.
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In one paragraph
Article in Cell, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 216 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
216citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
19.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
216 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 352 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulatory T Cell- and Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Inflammation, Cerebral Vasospasm, and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Experimental procedures for flow cytometry of wild-type mouse brain: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Nutritional regulation of gut-brain immune crosstalk across the lifespan.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Neuro-immune interactions in tumors, immune-related disorders, and infections.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteomic profiling reveals cytoskeletal- and chromatin-associated protein signatures in autism spectrum disorder.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The effects of IFNγ on tissue physiology through structural cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Antigen presentation by CD40Nature · 2026Article
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- Human-specific SRGAP2 paralogs synchronize neotenic microglial maturation and synaptic development.Neuron · 2026Article
- Potential preventive role of low-dose methotrexate against incident recorded psychosis: a retrospective cohort study based on electronic health records.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
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- Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Dependent Neuroimmune Regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder Pathogenesis.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Zika virus infection in the brains of lymphocyte-deficient mice does not lead to neurological symptoms despite sustained high viral load.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cells in stroke inflammation: Therapeutic perspectives.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- The Role of Complement and CD4 T Cells in Preeclampsia and Offspring Neurodevelopment.Current opinion in physiology · 2026Article
- Psychosis as a multisystem disorder of aberrant aging.npj aging · 2026Review
- The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) as a means of neuro-immune cross-conversation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Genetic-Environmental Programming of Microglial Identity: Shaping Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Diseases.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
156 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Emanuela PasciutoVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Oliver T BurtonLaboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
Carlos P RocaLaboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
Vasiliki LagouVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Wenson D RajanVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Tom TheysDepartment of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Renzo MancusoVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Raul Y TitoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Lubna KouserLaboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
Zsuzsanna Callaerts-VeghDepartment of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Alerie G de la FuenteThe Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
Teresa PrezzemoloVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Loriana G MascaliVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Aleksandra BrajicVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Carly E WhyteLaboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
Lidia YshiiVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Anna Martinez-MurianaVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Michelle NaughtonThe Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
Andrew YoungThe Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
Alena MoudraLaboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
Pierre LemaitreVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Suresh PoovathingalVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Jeroen RaesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
Bart De StrooperVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Denise C FitzgeraldThe Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
James DooleyLaboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
Adrian ListonVIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK. Electronic address: adrian.liston@babraham.ac.uk.
VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology · BEBabraham Institute · GBQueen's University Belfast · GBVIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research · BEKU Leuven · BEUK Dementia Research Institute · GBUniversitair Ziekenhuis Leuven · BE
Funding
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/B/000C0427Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/B/000C0428
Abstract
The brain is a site of relative immune privilege. Although CD4 T cells have been reported in the central nervous system, their presence in the healthy brain remains controversial, and their function remains largely unknown. We used a combination of imaging, single cell, and surgical approaches to identify a CD69
Indexed as
AdultAnimalsAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, T-LymphocyteBehavior Rating ScaleBlood CellsBrainCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD69 AntigensChildFemaleFetusHumansLectins, C-TypeLungMaleAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, T-LymphocyteCD69 AntigensLectins, C-TypebrainCD4 T cellsdifferentiationhumanmicrofloramicrogliamigrationmouseT cellstissue-resident
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.