ArticleJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)2020
Minimizing airflow turbulence in women lowers the work of breathing to levels similar to men.
Article in Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Females exhibit greater cardiac volume reductions with expiratory muscle loading during submaximal exercise compared to males.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the work of breathing during exercise are independent of forced vital capacity in healthy adults.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Predictive Threshold Value of the Breathing Reserve for the Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among the Healthy Middle-Aged Population.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- Assessing the repeatability of expiratory flow limitation during incremental exercise in healthy adults.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Breathing a low-density gas reduces respiratory muscle force development and marginally improves exercise performance in master athletes.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Women at Altitude: Sex-Related Physiological Responses to Exercise in Hypoxia.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Sex, gender and the pulmonary physiology of exercise.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Evaluation of sex-based differences in airway size and the physiological implications.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Review
- An integrative approach to the pulmonary physiology of exercise: when does biological sex matter?European journal of applied physiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smaller airways increase resistance and the propensity toward turbulent airflow, both of which are thought to be mechanisms behind greater resistive and total work of breathing (Wb) in females. Previous research examining the effect of airway size on the Wb between the sexes is limited by the inability to experimentally manipulate airway size. Heliox (21% oxygen, balance helium) is less dense than room air, which reduces turbulent airflow and airway resistance. The purpose of our study was to utilize heliox inspiration in women to provide a stimulus physiologically similar to increasing airway size. We hypothesized that when breathing heliox women would have a Wb similar to men breathing room air. Eighteen healthy young subjects (
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Registered trials
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