Trial reportJournal of consulting and clinical psychology2020
A randomized controlled trial of central executive training (CET) versus inhibitory control training (ICT) for ADHD.
Trial report in Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Computerized cognitive training in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with blinded and objective outcomes.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- A randomized clinical trial to evaluate feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary target engagement for a novel executive working memory training in adolescents with ADHD.Behaviour research and therapy · 2024Trial
- Central executive training for ADHD: Impact on organizational skills at home and school. A randomized controlled trial.Neuropsychology · 2023Trial
- Does training working memory or inhibitory control produce far-transfer improvements in set shifting for children with ADHD? A randomized controlled trial.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2023Trial
- Neurocognitive and behavioral predictors of the simple view of reading in clinically evaluated children with and without ADHD.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Visual-spatial working memory in ADHD: new evidence for a storage rather than a processing deficit.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Executive dysfunction and impulsivity in adolescence: a cross-lagged panel network analysis.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Enhancing Executive Function in Adolescents With ADHD: Preliminary Findings From a Multicomponent Intervention.Occupational therapy international · 2026Article
- Is hyperactivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) a functional response to demands on specific executive functions or cognitive demands in general?Neuropsychology · 2024Article
- Executive function deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.Nature reviews. Psychology · 2024Article
- The role of working memory and organizational skills in academic functioning for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Neuropsychology · 2024Article
- Improving the efficacy and effectiveness of evidence-based psychosocial interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
- Working memory and math skills in children with and without ADHD.Neuropsychology · 2024Article
- Working memory and inhibitory control deficits in children with ADHD: an experimental evaluation of competing model predictions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Extraordinary Speech and Language Outcomes After Auditory Brainstem Implantation: Guidance From a Case Study.American journal of audiology · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of Technology-Based Interventions for School-Age Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.JMIR mental health · 2023Review
- A preliminary 'shortlist' of individual, family, and social-community assets to promote resilience in pediatric ADHD.Research in developmental disabilities · 2023Article
- Moral Thinking and Empathy in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents with Conduct Problems: A Narrative Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2023Review
- Improving Our Understanding of Impaired Social Problem-Solving in Children and Adolescents with Conduct Problems: Implications for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveExecutive function deficits are well-established in ADHD. Unfortunately, replicated evidence indicates that executive function training for ADHD has been largely unsuccessful. We hypothesized that this may reflect insufficient targeting, such that extant protocols do not sufficiently and specifically target the neurocognitive systems associated with phenotypic ADHD behaviors/impairments.
methodChildren with ADHD ages 8-12 (M = 10.41, SD = 1.46; 12 girls; 74% Caucasian/Non-Hispanic) were randomized with allocation concealment to either central executive training (CET; n = 25) or newly developed inhibitory control training (ICT; n = 29). Detailed data analytic plans were preregistered.
resultsBoth treatments were feasible/acceptable based on training duration, child-reported ease of use, and parent-reported high satisfaction. CET was superior to ICT for improving its primary intervention targets: phonological and visuospatial working memory (d = 0.70-0.84). CET was also superior to ICT for improving go/no-go (d = 0.84) but not stop-signal inhibition. Mechanisms of change analyses indicated that CET-related working memory improvements produced significant reductions in the primary clinical endpoints (objectively assessed hyperactivity) during working memory and inhibition testing (indirect effects: β ≥ -.11; 95% CIs exclude 0.0). CET was also superior to ICT on 3 of 4 secondary clinical endpoints (blinded teacher-rated ADHD symptoms; d = 0.46-0.70 vs. 0.16-0.42) and 2 of 4 feasibility/acceptability clinical endpoints (parent-reported ADHD symptoms; d = 0.96-1.42 vs. 0.45-0.65). CET-related gains were maintained at 2-4 month follow-up; ICT-related gains were maintained for attention problems but not hyperactivity/impulsivity per parent report.
conclusionsResults support the use of CET for treating executive function deficits and targeting ADHD behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD. Findings for ICT were mixed at best and indicate the need for continued development/study. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Registered trials
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