SynthesisThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2020
Associations among Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, and Food Exposures and Typhoid Fever in Case-Control Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of water, sanitation, and hygiene with typhoid fever in case-control studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence, probability, and outcomes of typhoidal/non-typhoidal Salmonella and malaria co-infection among febrile patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of conjugate vaccine for typhoid (Vi-DT): Finding from an observer-blind, active-controlled, randomized, non-inferiority, phase III clinical trial among healthy volunteers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Prevention of Typhoid by Vi Conjugate Vaccine and Achievable Improvements in Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Evidence From a Cluster-Randomized Trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of a typhoid conjugate vaccine among children aged 9 months to 12 years in Malawi: a nested substudy of a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Trial
- High False-Positivity Rates of Widal Rapid Diagnostic Tests Compared to the Quantitative Tube Method for Salmonella typhi Detection in the Northern Region of Ghana.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Article
- Phase II multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial of a Bivalent VaccInation againstBMJ open · 2026Article
- Modeling the initial impact and predicted future benefits of TCV from two Pakistani provinces.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Assessing Salmonella Typhi Pathogenicity and Prevention: The Crucial Role of Vaccination in Combating Typhoid Fever.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Typhoid Fever in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of enteric fever in China: a cluster analysis based on data from 2001 to 2020.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Global burden, subtype, risk factors and etiological analysis of enteric infections from 1990-2021: population based study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Mapping the incidence rate of typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Health facility-based prevalence of typhoid fever, typhus and malaria among individuals suspected of acute febrile illnesses in Southwest Region, Ethiopia.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Association Among Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Status and Typhoid Risk in Urban Slums: Prospective Cohort Study in Bangladesh.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- The Rise of Non-typhoidal Salmonella Infections in India: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention.Cureus · 2023Review
- Review
- Increasing antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates across the Indian subcontinent: Is our response to this threat satisfactory?Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Typhoid fever transmission occurs through ingestion of food or water contaminated with
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.