ReviewMolecular neurobiology2020
The Microbiota-Gut-Immune-Glia (MGIG) Axis in Major Depression.
Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Developing a translational research framework for MDD: combining biomolecular mechanisms with a spiraling risk factor model.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Unifying the hallmarks of major depression through neuroimmune-metabolic-oxidative (NIMETOX) dysregulation: a mechanistic systems framework.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Integrated Inflammatory and Gut Microbial Signatures in Major Depressive Disorder: A Case-Control Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Complex correlations between mitochondrial DNA variants and gut microbiome in major depressive disorder: a genome-wide association analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune programming of childhood trauma: comorbid mechanisms and developmental origins of depression and autoimmune diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Muribaculum intestinale alleviates depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation and M1 microglia polarization.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Functional shotgun metagenomic insights into gut microbial pathway and enzyme disruptions linking metabolism, affect, cognition, and suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2026Article
- An Overview of Depression Pathogenesis: Prevailing Hypotheses and Associated Neurobiological Underpinnings Primarily Evidenced by Rodent Studies.Depression and anxiety · 2026Review
- The microbiota-tryptophan-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: pathogenic mechanisms, disease-specific roles, and translational therapeutics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Inflammatory models of depression in rodents and humans.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota, circadian rhythms and their interactions: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of depression.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Involvement of uridine in brain and gut health: insights into its neuroprotective potential via the gut-brain axis.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Do immune system and microbiome-gut-brain axis interactions associate with major depressive disorder?Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Maladaptive Neuroplasticity Under Stress: Insights into Neuronal and Synaptic Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Intestinal Permeability and Depression-A Narrative Review of Selected Blood-Based Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Pathogenesis and Medical Treatment of Depression: Opportunity and Challenge.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Review
- Gut Feelings: Linking Dysbiosis to Depression-A Narrative Literature Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- DAMPs cross-talk interpretation of MDD mechanisms.Science advances · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Antidepressants: A Systematic Review of Human Studies over the Last Decade.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is robust evidence that major depression (MDD) is accompanied by a low-grade activation of the immune-inflammatory response system, which is involved in the pathophysiology of this disorder. It is also becoming apparent that glia cells are in reciprocal communication with neurons, orchestrate various neuromodulatory, homeostatic, metabolic, and immune mechanisms, and have a crucial role in neuroinflammatory mechanisms in MDD. Those cells mediate the central nervous system (CNS) response to systemic inflammation and psychological stress, but at the same time, they may be an origin of the inflammatory response in the CNS. The sources of activation of the inflammatory response in MDD are immense; however, in recent years, it is becoming increasingly evident that the gastrointestinal tract with gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and increased intestinal permeability to bacterial LPS and food-derived antigens contribute to activation of low-grade inflammatory response with subsequent psychiatric manifestations. Furthermore, an excessive permeability to gut-derived antigenic material may lead to subsequent autoimmunities which are also known to be comorbid with MDD. In this review, we discuss fascinating interactions between the gastrointestinal tract, increased intestinal permeability, intestinal microbiota, and glia-neuron cross talk, and their roles in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory hypothesis of MDD. To emphasize those crucial intercommunications for the brain functions, we propose the term of microbiota-gut-immune-glia (MGIG) axis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.