ArticleJournal of virology2020
Type I and Type III Interferons Restrict SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Airway Epithelial Cultures.
Article in Journal of virology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 228 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
228 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 328 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Tocilizumab treatment for COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19: a phase 2, placebo-controlled randomised trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2021Trial
- Viral syncytia evolve to resist interferon.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Innate Immune Activation and Viral Interference During Sequential Co-Infection with Influenza A Virus and SARS-CoV-2: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial OXPHOS restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication.Science advances · 2026Article
- Hyaluronan Signaling Ameliorates the Epithelial Injury Response and Barrier Disruption After Ozone Exposure.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- The adult nasal mucosa is defined by distinct immune profiles that modulate in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15 facilitates immune evasion and viral replication by limiting multiple host innate immune pathways, including cGAS-STING.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Convergent hub pathways targeted by IAV, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV in type II alveolar epithelial cells: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Monocyte-eosinophil signaling axis promotes vaccine-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Single-cell atlas of cervical organoids uncovers epithelial immune heterogeneity and intercellular cross-talk during Chlamydia infection.Science advances · 2025Article
- Immunological Mechanisms Underlying Allergy Predisposition After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children.Cells · 2025Review
- Differential response of human plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells to SARS-CoV-2 variants.iScience · 2025Article
- Immune factors produced by PBMCs upon stimulation with lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1-derived exopolysaccharides inhibit HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 replication.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection induces ZBP1-dependent PANoptosis in bystander cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
168 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The newly emerged human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a pandemic of respiratory illness. Current evidence suggests that severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 are associated with a dysregulated immune response. However, little is known about how the innate immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we modeled SARS-CoV-2 infection using primary human airway epithelial (pHAE) cultures, which are maintained in an air-liquid interface. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in pHAE cultures and is directionally released on the apical, but not basolateral, surface. Transcriptional profiling studies found that infected pHAE cultures had a molecular signature dominated by proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine induction, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and CXCL8, and identified NF-κB and ATF-4 as key drivers of this proinflammatory cytokine response. Surprisingly, we observed a complete lack of a type I or III interferon (IFN) response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, pretreatment and posttreatment with type I and III IFNs significantly reduced virus replication in pHAE cultures that correlated with upregulation of antiviral effector genes. Combined, our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 does not trigger an IFN response but is sensitive to the effects of type I and III IFNs. Our studies demonstrate the utility of pHAE cultures to model SARS-CoV-2 infection and that both type I and III IFNs can serve as therapeutic options to treat COVID-19 patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.