ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2020
Muramyl dipeptide-mediated immunomodulation on monocyte subsets exerts therapeutic effects in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The SHIP1-inflammatory-lipid axis in Alzheimer's disease: from genetic risk to spatiotemporal mechanistic insights.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Immune cells in Alzheimer's disease: insights into pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.Medical review (2021) · 2025Review
- Distinctive Immune Signatures Driven by Structural Alterations in Desmuramylpeptide NOD2 Agonists.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Review
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: insights from peripheral immune cells.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
- The Synergistic Potential of Combining PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with NOD2 Agonists in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Discovery of Desmuramylpeptide NOD2 Agonists with Single-Digit Nanomolar Potency.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2022Article
- Muramyl Dipeptide Administration Delays Alzheimer's Disease Physiopathology via NOD2 Receptors.Cells · 2022Article
- Targeting innate immunity to protect and cure Alzheimer's disease: opportunities and pitfalls.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Review
- Triggering Innate Immune Receptors as New Therapies in Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis.Cells · 2021Review
- Selective Immunomodulatory and Neuroprotective Effects of a NOD2 Receptor Agonist on Mouse Models of Multiple Sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2021Article
- Danger-Sensing/Patten Recognition Receptors and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Monocyte Transmodulation: The Next Novel Therapeutic Approach in Overcoming Ischemic Stroke?Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- The hidden base of the iceberg: gut peptidoglycome dynamics is foundational to its influence on the host.Gut microbesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMuramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a component derived from minimal peptidoglycan motif from bacteria, and it is a ligand for the NOD2 receptor. Peripheral administration of MDP converts Ly6C
methodsThree months old APP
resultsMemory tests showed mild to a strong improvement in memory function, increased expression levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which are involved in synaptic plasticity and amyloid-beta (Aβ) elimination, respectively. In addition, we found monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) levels significantly increased, whereas intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) significantly decreased, and microglial marker (Iba1) did not change in the treatment group compared to the control. In parallel, we discovered elevated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression levels in the treated group, which might be a positive factor for synaptic activity.
conclusionsOur results demonstrate that MDP is beneficial in both the early phase and, to some extent, later phases of the pathology in the mouse model of AD. These data open the way for potential MDP-based medications for AD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.