ArticlePediatric research2021
The bioavailability and maturing clearance of doxapram in preterm infants.
Article in Pediatric research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral doxapram for apnea of prematurity: A randomized dosage trial.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Trial
- Doxapram Exposure Was Not Associated With Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Monocentric Retrospective Cohort Study.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Observational
- Distinct vaginal microbiome and metabolome profiles in women with preterm delivery following cervical cerclage.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Pharmacological treatment for apnoea of prematurity-the need for an individualised approach.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- The effects of doxapram and its potential interactions with K2P channels in experimental model preparations.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2024Article
- Why population pharmacokinetic studies are instrumental to boost clinical research in neonates, and suggestions on how clinicians should assess these papers.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- When will the Glomerular Filtration Rate in Former Preterm Neonates Catch up with Their Term Peers?Pharmaceutical research · 2024Article
- Article
- The Effects of Doxapram Blocking the Response of Gram-Negative Bacterial Toxin (LPS) at Glutamatergic Synapses.Biology · 2023Article
- Comment on: "Preterm Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model, Part I and Part II".Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2021Article
- Precision Dosing of Doxapram in Preterm Infants Using Continuous Pharmacodynamic Data and Model-Based Pharmacokinetics: An Illustrative Case Series.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDoxapram is used for the treatment of apnea of prematurity in dosing regimens only based on bodyweight, as pharmacokinetic data are limited. This study describes the pharmacokinetics of doxapram and keto-doxapram in preterm infants.
methodsData (302 samples) from 75 neonates were included with a median (range) gestational age (GA) 25.9 (23.9-29.4) weeks, bodyweight 0.95 (0.48-1.61) kg, and postnatal age (PNA) 17 (1-52) days at the start of continuous treatment. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using non-linear mixed-effects modelling (NONMEM®).
resultsA two-compartment model best described the pharmacokinetics of doxapram and keto-doxapram. PNA and GA affected the formation clearance of keto-doxapram (CL
conclusionsDosing of doxapram only based on bodyweight results in the highest exposure in preterm infants with the lowest PNA and GA. Therefore, dosing may need to be adjusted for GA and PNA to minimize the risk of accumulation and adverse events. For switching to oral therapy, a 33% dose increase is required to maintain exposure. IMPACT: Current dosing regimens of doxapram in preterm infants only based on bodyweight result in the highest exposure in infants with the lowest PNA and GA. Dosing of doxapram may need to be adjusted for GA and PNA to minimize the risk of accumulation and adverse events. Describing the pharmacokinetics of doxapram and its active metabolite keto-doxapram following intravenous and gastroenteral administration enables to include drug exposure to the evaluation of treatment of AOP. The oral bioavailability of doxapram in preterm neonates is 74%, requiring a 33% higher dose via oral than intravenous administration to maintain exposure.
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