ArticlePLoS biology2020
Experimental-numerical method for calculating bending moments in swimming fish shows that fish larvae control undulatory swimming with simple actuation.
Article in PLoS biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Context-dependent mechanical reconfiguration is necessary for multifunctional behavior in an intrinsically confined hydrostat.iScience · 2026Article
- Predicting axial muscle-fibre strains in larval zebrafish.The Journal of experimental biology · 2026Article
- Forces and symmetry breaking of a living meso-swimmer.Communications physics · 2026Article
- Axial muscle-fibre orientation in developing larval zebrafish.The Journal of experimental biology · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic and Mechanical Properties of Resins 3D Printed with Low-Cost Hardware for C2C12 Biohybrid Actuators.Scientific data · 2025Article
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- Maternal food restriction during pregnancy affects offspring development and swimming performance in a placental live-bearing fish.The Journal of experimental biology · 2022Article
- Fishes regulate tail-beat kinematics to minimize speed-specific cost of transport.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Three-dimensional topology optimization model to simulate the external shapes of bone.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Zebrafish as a Model for the Study of Lipid-Lowering Drug-Induced Myopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Effect of body stiffness distribution on larval fish-like efficient undulatory swimming.Science advances · 2021Article
- Experimental-numerical method for calculating bending moments in swimming fish shows that fish larvae control undulatory swimming with simple actuation.PLoS biology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Most fish swim with body undulations that result from fluid-structure interactions between the fish's internal tissues and the surrounding water. Gaining insight into these complex fluid-structure interactions is essential to understand how fish swim. To this end, we developed a dedicated experimental-numerical inverse dynamics approach to calculate the lateral bending moment distributions for a large-amplitude undulatory swimmer that moves freely in three-dimensional space. We combined automated motion tracking from multiple synchronised high-speed video sequences, computation of fluid dynamic stresses on the swimmer's body from computational fluid dynamics, and bending moment calculations using these stresses as input for a novel beam model of the body. The bending moment, which represent the system's net actuation, varies over time and along the fish's central axis due to muscle actions, passive tissues, inertia, and fluid dynamics. Our three-dimensional analysis of 113 swimming events of zebrafish larvae ranging in age from 3 to 12 days after fertilisation shows that these bending moment patterns are not only relatively simple but also strikingly similar throughout early development and from fast starts to periodic swimming. This suggests that fish larvae may produce and adjust swimming movements relatively simply, yet effectively, while restructuring their neuromuscular control system throughout their rapid development.
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