Trial reportOptometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry2020
The Effect of a Photochromic Contact Lens on Visual Function Indoors: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unexpected vision performance with photochromic contact lenses in normal and low light conditions: An analysis of two randomized trials.Journal of optometryTrial
- Blue-Light Filters in Eye Care: A State-of-the-Art Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Contemporary Research Questions in the Field of Contact Lenses and Where to Next?Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Review
- Wavelength Characteristics and Visual Function of Photochromic Contact Lenses in Indoor and Outdoor Conditions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Multifunctional transition and temperature-responsive contact lenses.Light, science & applications · 2023Article
- The Effect of Photochromic Contact Lenses on Pupil Size.Beyoglu eye journal · 2023Article
- Effect of Photochromic Contact Lens Wear on Indoor Visual Performance and Patient Satisfaction.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
significancePhotochromic soft contact lenses contain light-sensitive additives that allow them to darken when exposed to ultraviolet or violet light. One question, however, is whether the lenses influence vision indoors (minimally activated). In this study, we found that the minimally activated lenses improved many aspects of visual function under bright light. PURPOSE: Photochromic contact lenses were designed to darken when exposed to outdoor sunlight. The filtering that results improves visual function under bright light conditions. Not all bright light exposures occur outdoors. In this study, we tested whether a photochromic contact lens improved visual function under conditions where the lens was minimally activated (i.e., no more than it normally would be in an indoor environment).
methodsA subject-masked contralateral design was used comparing a photochromic contact lens randomized to one eye against a nonphotochromic contact in the other eye of the same subject. Sixty subjects (mean = 34.90 ± 11.24 years) were tested. The primary endpoints consisted of four visual function outcomes: photostress recovery, glare disability, glare discomfort, and chromatic contrast. Photostress recovery was quantified by measuring the time needed to recover visual acquisition of a grating target after 5 seconds of an intense xenon white flash exposure; glare disability was evaluated as the energy in a surrounding xenon white annulus necessary to veil a central grating target; and glare discomfort was assessed using bioimaging of the squint response. Chromatic contrast was measured as thresholds for a green-yellow (580 nm) grating target superposed on a blue (460 nm) background.
resultsThe minimally activated photochromic contact demonstrated improved visual performance compared with the nonphotochromic control across all visual functions tested (P < .01).
conclusionsEven under conditions of exiguous activation (e.g., as would be expected indoors or while driving at night), a photochromic contact will improve many of the more deleterious aspects of bright light.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.