ArticleeLife2020
Electron tomography visualization of HIV-1 fusion with target cells using fusion inhibitors to trap the pre-hairpin intermediate.
Article in eLife, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- HIV envelope pseudotyped virus- an indispensable tool in HIV research.Virus research · 2026Review
- Tracking the protein conformational motions driving HIV-1 membrane fusion.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- GenIV vaccines: bridging innovation to equity in neglected tropical diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein: structure, function and interactions with neutralizing antibodies.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Exceptionally broad HIV-1 neutralization via bispecific antibody-mediated prepositioning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) envelope structures in pre- and postfusion by cryo-EM.Science advances · 2025Article
- Unveiling the structural spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 fusion by in situ cryo-ET.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A broad antibody with enhanced HIV-1 neutralization via bispecific antibody-mediated prepositioning.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Incompletely closed HIV-1Npj viruses · 2025Article
- Viral glycoprotein-mediated entry and antibody-mediated immunity in HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Exploring the influence of anionic lipids in the host cell membrane on viral fusion.Biochemical Society transactions · 2024Review
- Visualizing the virus world inside the cell by cryo-electron tomography.Journal of virology · 2024Review
- Inducible cell lines producing replication-defective human immunodeficiency virus particles containing envelope glycoproteins stabilized in a pretriggered conformation.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Electron tomography visualization of HIV-1 virions trapped by fusion inhibitors to host cells in infected tissues.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Article
- Structures of the Foamy virus fusion protein reveal an unexpected link with the F protein of paramyxo- and pneumoviruses.Science advances · 2024Article
- Visualizing intermediate stages of viral membrane fusion by cryo-electron tomography.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2024Review
- Insertion and Anchoring of HIV-1 Fusion Peptide into Complex Membrane Mimicking Human T-cell.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Fusion of HIV-1 with the membrane of its target cell, an obligate first step in virus infectivity, is mediated by binding of the viral envelope (Env) spike protein to its receptors, CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4, on the cell surface. The process of viral fusion appears to be fast compared with viral egress and has not been visualized by EM. To capture fusion events, the process must be curtailed by trapping Env-receptor binding at an intermediate stage. We have used fusion inhibitors to trap HIV-1 virions attached to target cells by Envs in an extended pre-hairpin intermediate state. Electron tomography revealed HIV-1 virions bound to TZM-bl cells by 2-4 narrow spokes, with slightly more spokes present when evaluated with mutant virions that lacked the Env cytoplasmic tail. These results represent the first direct visualization of the hypothesized pre-hairpin intermediate of HIV-1 Env and improve our understanding of Env-mediated HIV-1 fusion and infection of host cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.