Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32696221›Full record

ReviewDrug delivery and translational research2021

Enhancement of skin permeability with thermal ablation techniques: concept to commercial products.

Rabinarayan Parhi, Aishwarya Mandru

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Drug delivery and translational research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  8. Clinical Value of Transcutaneous PCOJournal of clinical medicine · 2025
    Article
  9. Wearable bioelectronics for cancer theranostics.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rabinarayan ParhiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Susruta School of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, Assam, 788011, India. rabi59bls623@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4010-4368
Aishwarya MandruGITAM Institute of Pharmacy, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Deemed to be University, Gandhi Nagar Campus, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India.
Assam University · INGITAM University · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traditionally, the skin is considered as a protective barrier which acts as a highly impermeable region of the human body. But in recent times, it is recognized as a specialized organ that aids in the delivery of a wide range of drug molecules into the skin (intradermal drug delivery) and across the skin into systemic circulation (transdermal drug delivery, TDD). The bioavailability of a drug administered transdermally can be improved by several penetration enhancement techniques, which are broadly classified into chemical and physical techniques. Application of mentioned techniques together with efforts of various scientific and innovative companies had made TDD a multibillion dollar market and an average of 2.6 new transdermal drugs are being approved each year. Out of various techniques, the thermal ablation techniques involving chemicals, heating elements, lasers, and radiofrequency (RF) are proved to be more effective in terms of delivering the drug across the skin by disrupting the stratum corneum (SC). The reason behind it is that the thermal ablation technique resulted in improved bioavailability, quick treatment and fast recovery of the SC, and more importantly it does not cause any damage to underlying dermis layer. This review article mainly discussed about various thermal ablation techniques with commercial products and patents in each classes, and their safety aspects. This review also briefly presented anatomy of the skin, penetration pathways across the skin, and different generations of TDD. Graphical abstract.

Indexed as

SkinSkin AbsorptionAdministration, CutaneousDrug Delivery SystemsHumansPermeabilityPenetration enhancementPhysical approachesRadiofrequencyStratum corneumThermal ablationTransdermal drug delivery

Identifiers

PMID32696221
PMCPMC7372979
OpenAlexW3044588009

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.