ArticleDemography2020
The Effects of Education on Mortality: Evidence From Linked U.S. Census and Administrative Mortality Data.
Article in Demography, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Role of Epigenetic Clocks in Explaining Educational Inequalities in Mortality: A Multicohort Study and Meta-analysis.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Parental education and children's old-age mortality: Evidence using college expansions.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- The Long Arm of Childhood Policy: Historical Schooling Laws and COVID-19 Pandemic-era Mortality.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Structured Inequality, Uncertain Lifespans: Demographic Perspectives on Predicting Individual-Level Longevity.Population and development review · 2026Article
- Early-life local labor market conditions and old-age male mortality: evidence from deindustrialization of New England textile sector.Journal of demographic economics · 2026Article
- Revisiting the Link Between Communal Context, Religiosity and Mortality: A 31-Year Historical Cohort Study of Kibbutzim and Ultra-Orthodox Communities in Israel.Journal of religion and health · 2026Article
- For reducing premature adult mortality in India, education matters more than income.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Re-Evaluating Access in Healthcare: Focus on Quality of Care.Public health challenges · 2025Review
- Interrogating Theories and Mechanisms Underlying Educational Inequities in Diet Quality.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Review
- Lessons in adjusting for genetic confounding in population research on education and health.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Educational attainment in sociocentric networks associates with cardiac biomarkers in Korean elders.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Early-Life Lead Exposure and Male Longevity: Evidence from Historical Municipal Water Systems.Explorations in economic history · 2025Article
- Understanding the demographics of the opioid overdose death crisis.Journal of population economics · 2025Article
- Preteen Suicidal Ideation and Adolescent Academic Well-Being Among Child Welfare-involved Youth.School mental health · 2025Article
- Learning well, living well: the causal effects of higher education on self-rated health and mental health in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The effects of parental education on male mortality: evidence from the first wave of compulsory schooling laws.Journal of population economics · 2025Article
- The Longevity Benefits of Homeownership: Evidence From Early Twentieth-Century U.S. Male Birth Cohorts.Demography · 2024Article
- A critique and examination of the polysocial risk score approach: predicting cognition in the Health and Retirement Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- The effects of education on mortality: Evidence using college expansions.Health economics · 2024Article
- Early-Life Economic Conditions and Old-Age Male Mortality: Evidence from Historical County-Level Bank Deposit Data.Journal of population economics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Does education change people's lives in a way that delays mortality? Or is education primarily a proxy for unobserved endowments that promote longevity? Most scholars conclude that the former is true, but recent evidence based on Danish twin data calls this conclusion into question. Unfortunately, these potentially field-changing findings-that obtaining additional schooling has no independent effect on survival net of other hard-to-observe characteristics-have not yet been subject to replication outside Scandinavia. In this article, we produce the first U.S.-based estimates of the effects of education on mortality using a representative panel of male twin pairs drawn from linked complete-count census and death records. For comparison purposes, and to shed additional light on the roles that neighborhood, family, and genetic factors play in confounding associations between education and mortality, we also produce parallel estimates of the education-mortality relationship using data on (1) unrelated males who lived in different neighborhoods during childhood, (2) unrelated males who shared the same neighborhood growing up, and (3) non-twin siblings who shared the same family environment but whose genetic endowments vary to a greater degree. We find robust associations between education and mortality across all four samples, although estimates are modestly attenuated among twins and non-twin siblings. These findings-coupled with several robustness checks and sensitivity analyses-support a causal interpretation of the association between education and mortality for cohorts of boys born in the United States in the first part of the twentieth century.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.