ReviewCritical care explorations2020
Gender Difference Is Associated With Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: An Insight From a Meta-Analysis.
Review in Critical care explorations, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transmissibility and pathogenicity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: A systematic review and meta-analysis of secondary attack rate and asymptomatic infection.Journal of infection and public health · 2022Pooled it
- The problem with one-size-fits-all medicine: Biological sex and the aging immune system.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Association of human leukocyte antigen B genotypes with COVID-19 severity in Egyptian patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Community-engaged COVID-19 contact tracing initiative in Chicago.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Imaging, Pulmonary Function, and Histopathologic Findings of Persistent Fibrosis in a Longitudinal Cohort 3 Years after COVID-19.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
- Serum butyrylcholinesterase activity as a predictor of severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Incidence of Neurological Manifestations in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Low-Resource Setting Experience.Cureus · 2025Article
- Medium-Term Effect of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Observational
- Association of specificFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Mortality and Survival Factors in Patients with Moderate and Severe Pneumonia Due to COVID-19.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Ancestral origins are associated with SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and protection in a Florida patient population.PloS one · 2023Article
- The Association of Smell and Taste Dysfunction with COVID19, And Their Functional Impacts.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2022Article
- Editorial: Obesity, metabolic phenotypes and COVID-19.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2022Article
- Prediction of in-hospital mortality with machine learning for COVID-19 patients treated with steroid and remdesivir.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Significance of hematologic abnormalities in COVID-19 severity among infected patients in Lagos, Nigeria.Bulletin of the National Research Centre · 2022Article
- Sex-based differences in severity and mortality in COVID-19.Reviews in medical virology · 2021Review
- Role of fatty liver in coronavirus disease 2019 patients' disease severity and hospitalization length: a case-control study.European journal of medical research · 2021Article
- Evaluating the Novel Coronavirus infection outbreak surveillance results in a state hospital: a retrospective study.African health sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCoronavirus disease 2019 is a novel infection now causing pandemic around the world. The gender difference in regards to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 infection has not been well described thus far. Our aim was to investigate how gender difference can affect the disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019 infection. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted from December 1, 2019, to March 26, 2020. An additional manual search of secondary sources was conducted to minimize missing relevant studies. There were no language restrictions. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included in our meta-analysis if it was published in peer-reviewed journals and recorded patient characteristics of severe versus nonsevere or survivor versus nonsurvivor in coronavirus disease 2019 infection. DATA EXTRACTION: Two investigators independently screened the search, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of the study. DATA SYNTHESIS: Our search identified 15 observational studies with a total of 3,494 patients (1,935 males and 1,559 females) to be included in our meta-analysis. Males were more likely to develop severe coronavirus disease 2019 infection compared with females (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07-1.60). There was no significant heterogeneity (
conclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that the male gender may be a predictor of more severe coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Further accumulation of evidence from around the world is warranted to confirm our findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.