Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32694163›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2020

Mental health and suicide in former professional soccer players.

Emma R Russell, Thomas McCabe, Daniel F Mackay, Katy Stewart, John A MacLean, Jill P Pell, William Stewart

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Emma R RussellInstitute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Thomas McCabeSchool of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Daniel F MackayInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Katy StewartInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
John A MacLeanInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Jill P PellInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
William StewartInstitute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK william.stewart@glasgow.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-2199-2582
University of Glasgow · GBNHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde · GB

Funding

TBI: Uncovering Mechanisms of AD-like pathologyR01NS038104 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI SMITH, DOUGLAS HAMILTON · 1999 to 2020
$7.6M
Neuropathological Characterization of 'CTE'R01NS094003 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Douglas Hamilton Smith, William Stewart · 2016 to 2026
$5.1M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS038104NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS094003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThere is growing recognition of an association between contact sports participation and increased risk of neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. In addition to cognitive impairment, a range of mental health disorders and suicidality are proposed as diagnostic features of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, the putative clinical syndrome associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. However, to date, epidemiological data on contact sport participation and mental health outcomes are limited.

methodsFor a cohort of former professional soccer players (n=7676) with known high neurodegenerative mortality and their matched general population controls (n=23 028), data on mental health outcomes were obtained by individual-level record linkage to national electronic records of hospital admissions and death certification.

resultsCompared with matched population controls, former professional soccer players showed lower risk of hospital admission for anxiety and stress related disorders, depression, drug use disorders, alcohol use disorders and bipolar and affective mood disorders. Among soccer players, there was no significant difference in risk of hospitalisation for mental health disorders between outfield players and goalkeepers. There was no significant difference in rate of death by suicide between soccer players and controls.

conclusionsAmong a population of former professional soccer players with known high neurodegenerative disease mortality, hospital admissions for common mental health disorders were lower than population controls, with no difference in suicide. Our data provide support for the reappraisal of currently proposed diagnostic clinical criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, in particular the inclusion of mental health outcomes.

Indexed as

SoccerAdultAgedAlcoholismAnxiety DisordersAthletesBipolar DisorderCohort StudiesDepressive DisorderHospitalizationHumansMaleMental DisordersMental HealthMiddle AgedSubstance-Related Disorders

Identifiers

PMID32694163
PMCPMC8747033
OpenAlexW3044790934

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.