ArticlePreventive medicine2020
Widening disparities in cigarette smoking by race/ethnicity across education level in the United States.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impacto - A single-arm open-label pilot trial of a digital-based integrated smoking cessation program for Spanish-speaking Hispanic individuals who smoke: Development, feasibility, engagement, and clinical outcomes.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- Cognitive behavioral therapy versus general health education for smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial among diverse treatment seekers.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of Web-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Helping Black Adults Quit Smoking.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Trial
- Multiple Pharmacotherapy Adaptations for Smoking Cessation Based on Treatment Response in Black Adults Who Smoke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Leveraging the Clinical Timepoints in Lung Cancer Screening to Engage Individuals in Tobacco Treatment.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy and utilization of an acceptance and commitment therapy-based smartphone application for smoking cessation among Black adults: secondary analysis of the iCanQuit randomized trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Trial
- Exploring the Role of Traumatic Event Exposure in Tobacco Dependence Treatment Outcomes Among African Americans.Journal of psychoactive drugsTrial
- Demographic shifts in referral to and completion of lung cancer screening after the 2021 United States Preventive Services Task Force update.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Immigration-Related Sociopolitical Stress, Mental Health, and Tobacco Use Among Mexican American College Students.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Persistent disparities in head and neck cancer survival in the United States.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Smoke-Free Laws and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in US Counties.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Consumer Characteristics, Tobacco Control Policies, and Disparities in Discontinued Cigarette Purchases: Evidence from U.S. Households (2010-2021).Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Cigarette Smoking Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black All of Us Participants: The Relative Importance of Sociodemographic Characteristics and Social Determinants of Health.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Mortality trends and disparities associated with aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection in the United States from 1999 to 2023: a CDC WONDER database analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Anxiety disorder status among black adults who smoke: relations to cessation processes and smoking characteristics.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- The Association Between Smoker Protection Laws and Smoking, Employment, and Attempting to Quit Smoking.Tobacco use insights · 2026Article
- Residential segregation, housing cost, and smoking behaviors in Black Americans.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Tobacco use and perceived risk of lung cancer in a safety-net population.Research square · 2025Article
- SimSmoke simulation models by educational status: past and future US trends and the potential role of policy.Tobacco control · 2025Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Reducing tobacco use is an important public health objective. It is the largest preventable cause of death and disease, yet inequalities remain. This study examines combined educational and racial/ethnic disparities in the United States related to cigarette smoking for the three largest racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and non-Hispanic Whites). Data included nine Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Surveys (TUS-CPS) conducted in the United States from 1992/1993-2018 for four smoking metrics: ever smoking rates, current smoking rates, consumption (cigarettes per day), and quit ratios. Across all TUS-CPS samples, there were 9.5% African Americans, 8.8% Hispanics/Latinos, and 81.8% non-Hispanic Whites who completed surveys. Findings revealed that lower educational attainment was associated with increased ever and current smoking prevalence over time across all racial/ethnic groups, and education-level disparities within each race/ethnicity widened over time. Disparities in ever and current smoking rates between the lowest and highest categories of educational attainment (less than a high school education vs. completion of college) were larger for African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites than Hispanics/Latinos. Non-Hispanic Whites had the highest cigarette consumption across all education levels over time. College graduates had the highest quit ratios for all racial/ethnic groups from 1992 to 2018, with quit ratios significantly increasing for Hispanics/Latinos and non-Hispanic Whites, but not African Americans. In conclusion, educational disparities in smoking have worsened over time, especially among African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos. Targeted tobacco control efforts could help reduce these disparities to meet public health objectives, although racial/ethnic disparities may persist regardless of educational attainment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.