ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2020
Analyzing the linkage between military spending, economic growth, and ecological footprint in Pakistan: evidence from cointegration and bootstrap causality.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spillover impacts of financial development and globalization on environmental quality in ASEAN countries.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Exploring the linkage between export diversification and ecological footprint: evidence from advanced time series estimation techniques.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Quantile estimation of ecological footprint and economic complexity in emerging economies: The moderating role of increasing energy consumption.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Effects of economic complexity, economic growth, and renewable energy technology budgets on ecological footprint: the role of democratic accountability.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Validation of environmental Philips curve in Pakistan: a fresh insight through ARDL technique.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- The trade-off between energy consumption, economic growth, militarization, and COEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Revisiting the energy-economy-environment relationships for attaining environmental sustainability: evidence from Belt and Road Initiative countries.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Is there a tradeoff between financial globalization, economic growth, and environmental sustainability? An advanced panel analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Nonlinear impact of biomass energy consumption on ecological footprint in a fossil fuel-dependent economy.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- The asymmetric associations between foreign direct investment inflows, terrorism, CO2 emissions, and economic growth: a tale of two shocks.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Linking financial development, economic growth, and ecological footprint: what is the role of technological innovation?Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Economic performance of Indonesia amidst COEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ecological consequences of military spending is a hugely neglected area, and a veil of mystery surrounds this topic. The environmental threats posed by militaries remain insufficiently investigated in the name of national security. Prompted by the internal and external conflicts and prolonged military dictatorships, the Pakistani military assumes a role that goes beyond that of a traditional army. The current study addresses this significant gap in the literature by investigating the impacts of military spending on economic growth and the ecological footprint in Pakistan from 1971 to 2016 using the combined cointegration test and the bootstrap causality test. The findings of the study unveil a positive impact of military spending on the ecological footprint, while a negative impact on economic growth. The outcomes of the bootstrap causality test of Hacker and Hatemi-J (2012) highlight that economic growth Granger causes military spending, while causality runs from military spending to the ecological footprint. Energy consumption contributes to the ecological footprint and economic growth, whereas education expenditures do not influence economic growth and the environment in the long run. Further, the findings suggest a U-shaped link between GDP and footprint in Pakistan. The authorities should focus on resolving external and internal conflicts, on a priority basis, and reduce military spending to improve economic growth and the environment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
32691316What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.