ArticleNature human behaviour2020
Response latencies and eye gaze provide insight on how toddlers gather evidence under uncertainty.
Article in Nature human behaviour, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of Uncertainty Sensitivity: Early Competence or Protracted Development?Developmental science · 2026Article
- Pre-Decisional Information Search in 2- to 4-Year-Olds: Young Children Select the Relevant Cues When Looking for a Hidden Reward.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Effect of the Virtual Reality-Infused Movement and Activity Program (V-MAP) on Physical Activity and Cognition in Head Start Preschoolers.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Anticipatory eye gaze as a marker of memory.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- Two-year-olds' visual exploration of response options during memory decisions predicts metamemory monitoring one year later.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Early Emergence of Metacognition in Rhesus Monkeys.Developmental science · 2025Article
- Do Young Children Use Verbal Disfluency as a Cue to Their Own Confidence?Developmental science · 2025Article
- Infants evaluate informativeness of evidence and predict causal events as revealed in theta oscillations and predictive looking.Communications psychology · 2024Article
- Vocabulary and automatic attention: The relation between novel words and gaze dynamics in noun generalization.Developmental science · 2023Article
- Curiosity in childhood and adolescence - what can we learn from the brain.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2021Review
- From Uncertainty to Performance Optimization: Longitudinal Insights Into Metacognitive Development.Child developmentArticle
- Toddlers' visual exploration during decisions predicts uncertainty monitoring 1 year later.Child developmentArticle
- Cultural Differences in Visual Attention Emerge in Infancy.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant StudiesArticle
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Toddlers exhibit behaviours that suggest judicious responses to states of uncertainty (for example, turning to adults for help), but little is known about the informational basis of these behaviours. Across two experiments, of which experiment 2 was a preregistered replication, 160 toddlers (aged 25 to 32 months) identified a target from two partially occluded similar (for example, elephant versus bear) or dissimilar (for example, elephant versus broccoli) images. Accuracy was lower for the similar trials than for the dissimilar trials. By fitting drift-diffusion models to response times, we found that toddlers accumulated evidence more slowly but required less evidence for similar trials compared with dissimilar trials. By analysing eye movements, we found that toddlers took longer to settle on the selected image during inaccurate trials and switched their gaze between response options more frequently during inaccurate trials and accurately identified similar items. Exploratory analyses revealed that the evidence-accumulation parameter correlated positively with the use of uncertainty language. Overall, these findings inform theories on the emergence of evidence accumulation under uncertainty.
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Registered trials
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