ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
The carbon footprint of household energy use in the United States.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influence mechanisms of built environment factors on residential electricity carbon emissions under carbon peaking pressure: a case study of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Scenario-adaptive hierarchical optimisation framework for design in hybrid energy storage systems.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Beyond supermarkets: ethnic stores, food environments, and the limits of the Food Access Research Atlas.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Global Land Use Change and Its Impact on Greenhouse Gas Emissions.Global change biology · 2024Article
- New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 04: Buildings.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2024Article
- Tradeoffs and synergy between material cycles and greenhouse gas emissions: Opportunities in a rapidly growing housing stock.Journal of industrial ecology · 2024Article
- A hypergraph model shows the carbon reduction potential of effective space use in housing.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Criteria, Greenhouse Gas, and Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions Factors from Residential Cordwood and Pellet Stoves Using an Integrated Duty Cycle Test Protocol.ACS ES&T air · 2024Article
- Relational geographies of urban unsustainability: The entanglement of California's housing crisis with WUI growth and climate change.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Party affiliation predicts homeowners' decisions to install solar PV, but partisan gap wanes with improved economics of solar.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Drivers of natural gas use in U.S. residential buildings.Science advances · 2024Article
- Underestimation of personal carbon footprint inequality in four diverse countries.Nature climate change · 2024Article
- The impact of household digital transformation on household energy efficiency: Empirical evidence from Chinese households.PloS one · 2024Article
- The heterogeneous driving forces behind carbon emissions change in 30 selective emerging economies.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- High resolution synthetic residential energy use profiles for the United States.Scientific data · 2023Article
- Information interventions can increase technology adoption through information network restructuring.iScience · 2022Article
- Climate change, behavior change and health: a multidisciplinary, translational and multilevel perspective.Translational behavioral medicine · 2022Article
- Review on grain size effects on thermal conductivity in ZnO thermoelectric materials.RSC advances · 2022Review
- Climate Justice Starts at Home: Building Resilient Housing to Reduce Disparate Impacts From Climate Change in Residential Settings.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Global scenarios of resource and emission savings from material efficiency in residential buildings and cars.Nature communications · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Residential energy use accounts for roughly 20% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States. Using data on 93 million individual households, we estimate these GHGs across the contiguous United States and clarify the respective influence of climate, affluence, energy infrastructure, urban form, and building attributes (age, housing type, heating fuel) in driving these emissions. A ranking by state reveals that GHGs (per unit floor space) are lowest in Western US states and highest in Central states. Wealthier Americans have per capita footprints ∼25% higher than those of lower-income residents, primarily due to larger homes. In especially affluent suburbs, these emissions can be 15 times higher than nearby neighborhoods. If the electrical grid is decarbonized, then the residential housing sector can meet the 28% emission reduction target for 2025 under the Paris Agreement. However, grid decarbonization will be insufficient to meet the 80% emissions reduction target for 2050 due to a growing housing stock and continued use of fossil fuels (natural gas, propane, and fuel oil) in homes. Meeting this target will also require deep energy retrofits and transitioning to distributed low-carbon energy sources, as well as reducing per capita floor space and zoning denser settlement patterns.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.