ArticleParasites & vectors2020
Cytokine profile and nitric oxide levels in peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice exposed to the fucose-mannose ligand of Leishmania infantum combined with glycyrrhizin.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review on macrophage polarization during visceral leishmaniasis and impact of glycoprotein.Glycoconjugate journal · 2026Review
- Immunogenic properties of empty pcDNA3 plasmid against zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice.PloS one · 2022Article
- Effects of Glycyrrhizin (GL) Supplementation on Survival, Growth Performance, Expression of Feeding-Related Genes, Activities of Digestive Enzymes, Antioxidant Capacity, and Expression of Inflammatory Factors in Large Yellow Croaker (Aquaculture nutrition · 2022Article
- Preclinical Assessment of Ursolic Acid Loaded into Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Arginase/nitric oxide modifications using live non-pathogenicJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2021Article
- Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Effects, and Molecular Mechanisms of Licorice in Potential Therapy of COVID-19.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Viscerotropic Leishmaniasis in Iran: Current Insights and Future Directions: A Narrative Review.Iranian journal of parasitologyReview
- Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Artemisia persica,Iranian journal of parasitologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe fucose-mannose ligand (FML) of Leishmania infantum is a complex glycoprotein which does not elicit adequate immunogenicity in humans. In recent years, adjuvant compounds derived from plants have been used for improving the immunogenicity of vaccines. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a natural triterpenoid saponin that has known immunomodulatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of co-treatment with FML and GL on the production of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages, in vitro.
methodsLipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were treated with FML (5 μg/ml) of L. infantum and various concentrations of GL (1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml). After 48 h of treatment, cell culture supernatants were recovered and the levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IP-10 were measured by sandwich ELISA and NO concentration by Griess reaction.
resultsOur results indicate that the treatment of activated macrophages with FML plus GL leads to enhanced production of NO, TNF-α and IL-12p70, and reduction of IL-10 levels in comparison with FML treatment alone.
conclusionsTherefore, we concluded that GL can improve the immunostimulatory effect of FML on macrophages and leads to their polarization towards an M1-like phenotype.
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