ArticleBMC urology2020
Urinary tract infection is associated with hypokalemia: a case control study.
Article in BMC urology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Presenting as Significant Hydronephrosis in an Adult Male Who Was Managed with Robotic-Assisted Radical Nephrectomy: A Case Report and Current Literature Review.Case reports in urology · 2026Article
- Prediction of urinary tract infection using machine learning methods: a study for finding the most-informative variables.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Hypokalaemia in pregnancy - Prevalence, underlying causes, and an approach to investigation.Obstetric medicine · 2024Article
- Myopathic syndrome revealing a rare condition: Sheehan syndrome, a case-based review.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHypokalemia is a common clinical problem. The association between urinary tract infection (UTI) and hypokalemia is not clear. Hypokalemia is common in patients with UTI in clinical observation. The aim of the study is to determine if UTI is associated with hypokalemia.
methodsPatients hospitalized with UTI and the control group were retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005. The control group was patients hospitalized with other reasons and were matched for the confoundings of UTI and hypokalemia. We analyze the risk of hypokalemia using logistic regression and calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of OR.
resultsWe analyzed 43,719 UTI patients and control patients. Hypokalemia was found in 4540 (10.4%) patients with UTI and 1842 (4.2%) control patients. The percentage of patients with hypokalemia was higher in UTI patients (chi-square, p < 0.001). UTI was associated with hypokalemia and the odds ratio (OR) was 2.27 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.17-2.41]. Cerebrovascular accident, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, congestive heart failure, diarrhea, medications including thiazides, sulfonamides, xanthines, and laxatives were independently associated with hypokalemia. Recurrent UTI was associated with hypokalemia in UTI patients (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.23, p < 0.001).
conclusionsUrinary tract infection is associated with hypokalemia among inpatients. The association is independent of patients' comorbidities and medications. Recurrent UTI is associated with increased hypokalemia in UTI patients.
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