ReviewBrain, behavior, and immunity2020
Discrimination and systemic inflammation: A critical review and synthesis.
Review in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Everyday Discrimination Scale and biomarker outcomes.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Discrimination and C-reactive protein across the life course: Findings from three national US cohorts.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Beyond genetics: how environmental stressors drive pediatric hypertension risk.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Curvilinear associations of discrimination attributions with inflammatory and antiviral gene expression.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Stress and cardiovascular disease: Testing a vigilance pathway in two contemporary theories.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Article
- Differential expression of lymphocyte markers by neighborhood opportunity among US adults: Insights from the Midlife in the United States study.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Perceived everyday discrimination and leukocyte gene expression in a nationally representative sample of U.S. Adults.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Perceived Everyday Discrimination, Dysfunctional Attitudes, and Their Influence on Depressive Symptoms and Inflammation in Youth.Research in nursing & health · 2026Article
- Social vulnerability index and inflammation: a proteomic analysis linking social context to biological risk in older black adults.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Associations among discrimination, genetic susceptibility to inflammation, and C-reactive protein.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Everyday Discrimination and Health Care Utilization Among US Adults.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Associations between plasma biomarkers and changes in cognitive function over two years in people with and without HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Perceived Racial Stress Effects on Neuropsychological Functioning in African Americans are Mediated by the Brain's Reward/Safety SEEKING Systems via Neuroimmune and Neuroendocrine Pathways.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Moving beyond individual-level factors: evidence-based strategies to advance structural competency in sports and exercise medicine.British journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Discrimination exposure and lymphocyte differentiation: Results from the health and retirement study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The past and future of integrated biopsychosocial whole-health perspectives in psychiatric rehabilitation.Psychiatric rehabilitation journal · 2026Review
- Independent and joint associations of key social exposome components with cognitive aging: triangulating evidence through cross-national data.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Understanding Cancer Health Disparities.Cancers · 2026Review
- Prospective association between leukocyte telomere length and mortality: findings from the Black Women's Experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) Study.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Statelessness and mental health experiences of Kuwaiti Bidoon people living in the UK: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Exposure to discrimination or unfair treatment has emerged as an important risk factor for illness and disease that disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities. Discriminatory experiences may operate like other stressors in that they activate physiological responses that adversely affect the maintenance of homeostasis. Research suggests that inflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of stress-related diseases. Recent findings on discrimination and inflammation are discussed. We highlight limitations in the current evidence and provide recommendations for future studies that seek to examine the association between discrimination and inflammation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.