ReviewClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2020
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacological Properties of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in the Context of COVID-19 Infection.
Review in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of COVID-19 in health workers: A randomized clinical trial.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin early treatment of mild COVID-19 in an outpatient setting: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating viral clearance.International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2021Trial
- Clinical Management of Antirheumatic Drug Exposure During Therapeutic Plasma Exchange.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Pregnancy-associated exposure reduction to medications used for antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review.EULAR rheumatology open · 2025Article
- Antimalarial compounds exhibit variant- and cell-type-specific activity against SARS-CoV-2 isolated in Panama.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Predicted Environmental Risk Assessment of Antimicrobials with Increased Consumption in Portugal during the COVID-19 Pandemic; The Groundwork for the Forthcoming Water Quality Survey.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- How toxic is an old friend? A review of the safety of hydroxychloroquine in clinical practice.Internal medicine journal · 2023Review
- Pharmacometrics: A New Era of Pharmacotherapy and Drug Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2023Review
- Pharmacometric and Electrocardiographic Evaluation of Chloroquine and Azithromycin in Healthy Volunteers.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Article
- Assessment of A new Strategy to Prevent Prescribing Errors Involving COVID-19 Patients in Community Pharmacies.Hospital pharmacy · 2022Article
- In vitro evaluation of the impact of Covid-19 therapeutic agents on the hydrolysis of the antiviral prodrug remdesivir.Chemico-biological interactions · 2022Article
- Hydroxychloroquine Does Not Function as a Direct Zinc Ionophore.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Tolerability and pharmacokinetic evaluation of inhaled dry powder hydroxychloroquine in healthy volunteers.PloS one · 2022Article
- Cationic Compounds with SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Activity and Their Interaction with Organic Cation Transporter/Multidrug and Toxin Extruder Secretory Transporters.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2021Article
- Kidney injury in COVID-19 patients, drug development and their renal complications: Review study.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2021Review
- Evaluating the elimination status of medications used for COVID-19 during hemoperfusion and therapeutic plasma exchange: A review.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- Hydroxychloroquine Increased Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Disrupted the Expression of Some Related Genes in the Mouse Brain.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are quinoline derivatives used to treat malaria. To date, these medications are not approved for the treatment of viral infections, and there are no well-controlled, prospective, randomized clinical studies or evidence to support their use in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are being studied alone or in combination with other agents to assess their effectiveness in the treatment or prophylaxis for COVID-19. The effective use of any medication involves an understanding of its pharmacokinetics, safety, and mechanism of action. This work provides basic clinical pharmacology information relevant for planning and initiating COVID-19 clinical studies with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, summarizes safety data from healthy volunteer studies, and summarizes safety data from phase II and phase II/III clinical studies in patients with uncomplicated malaria, including a phase II/III study in pediatric patients following administration of azithromycin and chloroquine in combination. In addition, this work presents data describing the proposed mechanisms of action against the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 and summarizes clinical efficacy to date.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.