ArticlePloS one2020
Cardiovascular disease risk among transgender women living with HIV in the United States.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the cardiovascular burden in transgender individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Health status of transgender people globally: A systematic review of research on disease burden and correlates.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- A Web-Based Virtual Environment Behavioral Intervention as Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Disease Prevention Education in Persons With HIV: Evaluation of the LEARN Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Microbiota, Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Transgender Women with HIV: Potential Implications for Cardiovascular Disease.Transgender health · 2026Article
- What Women with HIV Know about Heart Health and Cardiovascular Risk and Intervention Preferences.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Chronic Illness Perceptions and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Behaviors in Black and Latinx Sexual Minority Men with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2024Article
- Transgender Women With Suppressed Testosterone Display Lower Burden of Coronary Disease Than Matched Cisgender Men.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Cardiometabolic health in people with HIV: expert consensus review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Review
- Effects of Race and Gender Classifications on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimates for Clinical Decision-Making in a Cohort of Black Transgender Women.Health equity · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Transgender People with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2021Review
- The Role of Intersectional Stigma in Coronary Artery Disease Among Cisgender Women Aging with HIV.Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTransgender women (TW) are disproportionately affected by both HIV and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
objectivesWe aim to quantify prevalence of elevated predicted CVD risk for TW compared to cisgender women (CW) and cisgender men (CM) in HIV care and describe the impact of multiple operationalizations of CVD risk score calculations for TW.
designWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of patients engaged in HIV care between October 2014 and February 2018.
settingThe Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems, a collaboration of 8 HIV clinical sites in the United States contributed data for this analysis. PATIENTS: 221 TW, 2983 CW, and 13467 CM. MEASUREMENTS: The measure of interest is prevalence of elevated 10-year cardiovascular disease risk based on ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Risk Assessment equations (PCE) and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), calculated for TW by: birth-assigned sex (male); history of exogenous sex hormone use (female/male); and current gender (female).
resultsUsing birth-assigned sex, the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) was 2.52 (95% CI: 1.08,5.86) and 2.58 (95% CI: 1.71,3.89) comparing TW to CW, by PCE and FRS, respectively. It was 1.25 (95% CI: 0.54,2.87) and 1.25 (95% CI: 0.84,1.86) comparing TW to CM, by PCE and FRS, respectively. If TW were classified according to current gender versus birth-assigned sex, their predicted CVD risk scores were lower. LIMITATIONS: PCE and FRS have not been validated in TW with HIV. Few adjudicated CVD events in the data set precluded analyses based on clinical outcomes.
conclusionsAfter adjustment for demographics and history of HIV care, prevalence of elevated CVD risk in TW was similar to CM and equal to or higher than in CW, depending operationalization of the sex variable. Future studies with CVD outcomes are needed to help clinicians accurately estimate CVD risk among TW with HIV.
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Registered trials
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