Trial reportPLoS neglected tropical diseases2020
Long-term incidence of relapse and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis after three different visceral leishmaniasis treatment regimens in Bihar, India.
Trial report in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- A phase II, non-comparative randomised trial of two treatments involving liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in India and Bangladesh.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Trial
- Safety and efficacy of paromomycin/miltefosine/liposomal amphotericin B combinations for the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudan: A phase II, open label, randomized, parallel arm study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Trial
- Miltefosine and emerging Leishmania (Mundinia) in Southeast Asia: Molecular insights, therapeutic challenges, and future strategic implementation.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Decision-making for indoor residual spraying in the post-elimination phase of visceral leishmaniasis in Nepal.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Report of the Seventh Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis Consortium meeting, Kolkata, India, 28-29 November 2024.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Risk factors for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL): Challenges in understanding pathophysiology.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: insights into underlying pathogenic mechanisms and genetic landscape.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The development of a global research agenda and individual participant data platform for visceral leishmaniasis: challenges and future opportunities.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Diagnosis and Management of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Children: A French Retrospective Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Leishmaniasis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Genome analyses of amphotericin B-susceptible and -resistant strains ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Article
- Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis burden at the village level in selected high visceral leishmaniasis endemic upazilas in Bangladesh.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024Article
- Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Twin Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Estimating the proportion of relapse following treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis: meta-analysis using Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO) systematic review.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- In Vitro and Ex Vivo Synergistic Effect of Pyrvinium Pamoate Combined with Miltefosine and Paromomycin againstTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Shared challenges to the control of complex intracellular neglected pathogens.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- In vitro susceptibility to miltefosine of amphotericin B-resistant Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- Follow-up assessment of visceral leishmaniasis treated patients and the impact of COVID-19 on control services in Nepal.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Article
- Systematic Review of Treatment Failure and Clinical Relapses in Leishmaniasis from a Multifactorial Perspective: Clinical Aspects, Factors Associated with the Parasite and Host.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- From Infection to Death: An Overview of the Pathogenesis of Visceral Leishmaniasis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew prospective data exist on incidence of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) relapse after different treatment regimens. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsA Phase IV trial included 1761 VL patients treated between 2012-2014 with single dose AmBisome (SDA; N = 891), miltefosine-paromomycin (Milt-PM; n = 512), or AmBisome-miltefosine (AmB-Milt; n = 358). Follow-up for PKDL and VL relapse was scheduled for 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment, lasting until 2017. Patients with lesions consistent with PKDL were tested by rK39 rapid test, and if positive, underwent skin-snip sampling, smear microscopy and PCR. Probable PKDL was defined by consistent lesions and positive rK39; confirmed PKDL required additional positive microscopy or PCR. PKDL and relapse incidence density were calculated by VL treatment and risk factors evaluated in Cox proportional hazards models. Among 1,750 patients who completed treatment, 79 had relapse and 104 PKDL. Relapse incidence density was 1.58, 2.08 and 0.40 per 1000 person-months for SDA, AmB-Milt and Milt-PM, respectively. PKDL incidence density was 1.29, 1.45 and 2.65 per 1000 person-months for SDA, AmB-Milt and Milt-PM. In multivariable models, patients treated with Milt-PM had lower relapse but higher PKDL incidence than those treated with SDA; AmB-Milt rates were not significantly different from those for SDA. Children <12 years were at higher risk for both outcomes; females had a higher risk of PKDL but not relapse. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Active surveillance for PKDL and relapse, followed by timely treatment, is essential to sustain the achievements of VL elimination programs in the Indian sub-continent.
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