ArticleJournal of clinical & translational endocrinology2020
Effects of gender affirming hormone therapy on body mass index in transgender individuals: A longitudinal cohort study.
Article in Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between Food Habits, Nutritional Status, and Hormone Therapy among Transgender Adults: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Cardiometabolic diseases in transgender populations.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- Effects of 17β-Estradiol Treatment on Metabolic Function and Aortic Relaxation in Castrated Male Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Observational
- Exercise and eating behaviors among Austrian transgender and gender-diverse adolescents.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy: effects on cardiovascular risk and vascular function.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Review
- Risk assessment of transgender people: implementation of a demasculinizing-feminizing rodent model including the evaluation of thyroid homeostasis.Biology direct · 2024Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2024Review
- Toward a Better Understanding of Cardiovascular Risk in the Transgender and Gender-Diverse Community: A Global Call to Action.Global heart · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Transgender People after Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The molecular consequences of androgen activity in the human breast.Cell genomics · 2023Article
- Implications of gender-affirming endocrine care for sports participation.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Review
- Transgender and gender diverse adults' reflections on alcohol counseling and recommendations for providers.The American journal of orthopsychiatry · 2023Article
- Diabetes and gender incongruence: frequent mental health issues but comparable metabolic control - a DPV registry study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Medical considerations in the care of transgender and gender diverse patients with eating disorders.Journal of eating disorders · 2022Review
- Central Feminization of Obese Male Mice Reduces Metabolic Syndrome.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- The Operationalisation of Sex and Gender in Quantitative Health-Related Research: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy and Risk of Diabetes in Transgender Persons.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Embryologic and hormonal contributors to prostate cancer in transgender women.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMany transgender people take hormone therapy to affirm their gender identity. One potential long-term consequence of gender affirming hormone therapy is increased body mass index (BMI), which may be associated with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and higher mortality. Only a few published studies explored changes in BMI in transgender people taking gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT).
objectiveTo examine the changes in BMI longitudinally in response to GAHT in transgender women and men.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of transgender individuals who received GAHT from the endocrinology clinic between January 1, 2000 and September 6, 2018. Subjects who sought GAHT were included if they had two separate measurements of BMI and were excluded if they had a BMI greater than 35 kg/m
resultsThere were a total of 227 subjects included in this cohort. Among subjects already on GAHT, transgender women were receiving GAHT longer than transgender men (6.59 ± 9.35 vs 3.67 ± 3.43 years, p-value = 0.04). Over the period of 7 years, there was a significant increase in BMI in transwomen who newly initiated GAHT (p-value 0.004). There were no changes in BMI in transgender men and women already on GAHT or in transgender men who newly initiated GAHT in the study.
conclusionWe conclude that BMI significantly increases in transwomen but not in transmen after initiation of GAHT in a single center based in the United States. In transwomen and transmen, BMI appears to be stable following 3 to 6 years of GAHT. Future investigations should examine the causes for increased BMI in transgender women including type of GAHT, diet and lifestyle, and association with risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.