ArticleClinical hypertension2020
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 are distinctly different paradigms.
Article in Clinical hypertension, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Body Mass Index with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Inflammatory Arthritis Patients Receiving Biologic Therapy: Singapore National Biologics Register Findings.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Article
- Study risk factors, clinical profile, and outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 geriatric patients.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 in human brain and its association with Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Interplay-Vitamin D and ACE-2 Molecular Interactions in Mitigating Complications and Deaths from SARS-CoV-2.Biology · 2024Review
- Expression patterns of lncRNA MALAT-1 in SARS-COV-2 infection and its potential effect on disease severity via miR-200c-3p and SIRT1.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2023Article
- The Magic Triangle in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor, and Malignancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Oral Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study of Recovered Iraqi Patients.International journal of dentistry · 2023Article
- Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery · 2022Article
- The Expression Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Mediating Molecules Promoted by Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Are Downregulated by Hydrogen Sulfide.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Vitamin D and interferon-γ co-operate to increase the ACE-2 receptor expression in primary cultures of human thyroid cells.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Article
- Role of Diet and Nutrients in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Incidence on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Status and Viral Production.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Allele С (rs5186) of at1r is associated with the severity of COVID-19 in the Ukrainian population.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2022Observational
- A Review of the Potential Effects of Melatonin in Compromised Mitochondrial Redox Activities in Elderly Patients With COVID-19.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Understanding the pivotal roles of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: from structure/function to therapeutic implication.The Egyptian journal of medical human genetics · 2022Review
- "COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein-related delayed inflammatory reaction to hyaluronic acid dermal fillers: a challenging clinical conundrum in diagnosis and treatment".Archives of dermatological research · 2022Review
- TRPV1 channels as a newly identified target for vitamin D.Channels (Austin, Tex.) · 2021Review
- Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures as a Research Platform in Lung Diseases and COVID-19.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2021Review
- Relative expression of proinflammatory molecules in COVID-19 patients who manifested disease severities.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- The Potential Use of Vitamin C to Prevent Kidney Injury in Patients with COVID-19.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Different kinds of stem cells in the development of SARS-CoV-2 treatments.World journal of stem cells · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is current debate concerning the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), for hypertension management, during COVID-19 infection. Specifically, the suggestion has been made that ACE inhibitors or ARBs could theoretically contribute to infection via increasing ACE2 receptor expression and hence increase viral load. The ACE2 receptor is responsible for binding the SAR-CoV2 viral spike and causing COVID-19 infection. What makes the argument somewhat obtuse for ACE inhibitors or ARBs is that ACE2 receptor expression can be increased by compounds that activate or increase the expression of SIRT1. Henceforth common dietary interventions, vitamins and nutrients may directly or indirectly influence the cellular expression of the ACE2 receptor. There are many common compounds that can increase the expression of the ACE2 receptor including Vitamin C, Metformin, Resveratrol, Vitamin B3 and Vitamin D. It is important to acknowledge that down-regulation or blocking the cellular ACE2 receptor will likely be pro-inflammatory and may contribute to end organ pathology and mortality in COVID-19. In conclusion from the perspective of the ACE2 receptor, COVID-19 prevention and treatment are distinctly different. This letter reflects on this current debate and suggests angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and ARBs are likely beneficial during COVID-19 infection for hypertensive and normotensive patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.