ArticlePublic health nutrition2021
Consumption of ultra-processed foods in the third gestational trimester and increased weight gain: a Brazilian cohort study.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Double Burden of Malnutrition Prevalence in Pregnant Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Ultra-processed Food Intake During Pregnancy and its Impact on Maternal Diet Quality and Weight Change: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.Current nutrition reports · 2024Pooled it
- Maternal Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods-Rich Diet and Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Impacts of Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods on the Maternal-Child Health: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a minimally processed food-based nutritional counselling intervention on weight gain in overweight pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Harmonisation of Dietary Intake Data in Pregnant Women: Data from the Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium-BMCNC.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Maternal consumption of urbanized diet compromises early-life health in association with gut microbiota.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Pregnant women's knowledge, attitude, and practice toward food preservatives: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Ultra-processed foods - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food & nutrition research · 2024Article
- Differential dietary intake and contribution of ultra-processed foods during pregnancy according to nutritional status.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Ultra-Processed Foods and Schooling Are Independently Associated with Lower Iron and Folate Consumption by Pregnant Women Followed in Primary Health Care.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Observational
- Factors associated with ultra-processed foods consumption in a cohort of Brazilian pregnant women.Cadernos de saude publica · 2023Article
- Home-Prepared Meal Consumption Is Associated with Healthy Food Choices in Pregnant Women Followed Up by Primary Health Care.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Greater Ultra-Processed Food Intake during Pregnancy and Postpartum Is Associated with Multiple Aspects of Lower Diet Quality.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Periconceptional and First Trimester Ultraprocessed Food Intake and Maternal Cardiometabolic Outcomes.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- Associations of ultra-processed food intake with maternal weight change and cardiometabolic health and infant growth.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Observational
- Review
- Processed Foods - Getting Back to The Basics.Current gastroenterology reports · 2021Review
- In This Issue: Ultra-processed food and health.Public health nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate whether the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) during pregnancy is associated with gestational weight gain (GWG).
designCohort study with collection of two 24-h dietary recalls during each gestational trimester obtained on non-consecutive days and differentiating weekday v. weekend/holiday. The foods were classified according to the NOVA system into fresh or minimally processed foods and their culinary preparations, processed and UPF and subsequently analysed as a percentage contribution to dietary energy. The outcome was average GWG in the second and in the third trimesters, expressed in g/week.
settingBotucatu, a medium-sized Brazilian city.
participantsPregnant women with regular obstetric risk (n 259) undergoing prenatal care in primary healthcare.
resultsIn a multiple linear regression model, it was found that an increase of 1 percentage point in energy consumption from UPF in the third gestational trimester led to an average increase of 4·17 (95 % CI 0·55; 7·79) g in weekly GWG in this period. There was no association between second-trimester UPF consumption and GWG.
conclusionsConsumption of UPF in the third gestational trimester is positively associated with average weekly GWG in this period.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.