ArticleGlobalization and health2020
Comparison of tobacco import and tobacco control in five countries: lessons learned for Indonesia.
Article in Globalization and health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of district-level comprehensive tobacco control on smoking among adolescent boys in Indonesia: a synthetic control study (2013-2023).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Health taxes in Indonesia: a review of policy debates on the tobacco, alcoholic beverages and sugar-sweetened beverage taxes in the media.BMJ global health · 2023Review
- Tobacco consumption, sales, and output as monitoring indicators in the era of the tobacco endgame: a Korean example.Epidemiology and health · 2023Article
- District-Level Inequalities in Hypertension among Adults in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis by Sex and Age Group.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Exposure to Outdoor Tobacco Advertisements Near Home is Associated with Smoking among Youth in Indonesia.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- FCTC ratification, smoking prevalence, and GDP per capita: lessons for Indonesia and the rest of the world.Globalization and health · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Smoke-Free Zone Compliance among Schools in Indonesia: A Nationwide Representative Survey.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith a 264 million population and the second highest male smoking prevalence in the world, Indonesia hosted over 60 million smokers in 2018. However, the government still has not ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. In the meantime, tobacco import increases rapidly in Indonesia. These create a double, public health and economic burden for Indonesia's welfare.
objectiveOur study analyzed the trend of tobacco import in five countries: Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. Also, we analyze the tobacco control policies implemented in these countries and determine some lessons learn for Indonesia.
methodsWe conducted quantitative analyses on tobacco production, consumption, export, and import during 1990-2016 in the five countries. Data were analyzed using simple ordinary least square regressions, correcting for time series autocorrelation. We also conducted a desk review on the tobacco control policies implemented in the five countries.
resultsWhile local production decreased by almost 20% during 1990-2016, the proportion of tobacco imports out of domestic production quadrupled from 17 to 65%. Similarly, the ratio of tobacco imports to exports reversed from 0.7 (i.e., exports were higher) to 2.9 (i.e., import were 2.9 times higher than export) in 1990 and 2016, respectively. This condition is quite different from the other four respective countries in the observation where their tobacco export is higher than the import. From the tobacco control point of view, the four other countries have ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC).
conclusionThe situation is unlikely for Indonesia to either reduce tobacco consumption or improve the local tobacco farmer's welfare, considering that the number of imports continued to increase. Emulating from the four countries, Indonesia must ratify the FCTC and implement stricter tobacco control policies to decrease tobacco consumption and import.
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