ArticleJournal of psychosomatic research2020
The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria.
Article in Journal of psychosomatic research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 504 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
504 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social isolation and anxiety disorders during COVID-19: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Who Benefits from Acute Psychiatric Home Treatment? A Systematic Review.Community mental health journal · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring the association between social support and anxiety during major public emergencies: a meta-analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Changes in anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in the European population: A meta-analysis of changes and associations with restriction policies.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of Burnout among Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Predictors of the use of community mental health services.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms among younger adults in Germany during the post-pandemic period.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Influence of Restrictions During COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Cardiovascular, Kidney Transplant and Healthy Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Protective Role of Regular Physical Activity on Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Prevalence and influencing factors of insomnia among adults in centralized quarantine: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2026Observational
- Dynamics of psychological distress: understanding the impact of intraindividual and interindividual factors in the Belgian population during the COVID-19 pandemic-a multilevel prospective cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Comparing the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in seven low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Vocational factors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in middle-aged and older adults: longitudinal evidence from a population-based cohort.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Post-COVID-19 social determinants of health and quality of life: a longitudinal study.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2026Article
- Experiences of typically developing siblings of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- Two years of COVID-19: persistently reduced well-being and increases in global psychopathology during the pandemic in a representative Austrian population-sample within the COH-FIT study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Psychological and Spiritual Well-Being Among Church of England Clergy and Laity three years After the COVID-19 Lockdowns.Journal of religion and health · 2025Article
- Moderated mediation model of subjective happiness and gender between financial strain and mental health of university students.Discover mental health · 2025Article
444 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the governmental restrictions on mental health have been reported for different countries. This study evaluated mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Austria and the effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity.
methodsAn online survey was performed through Qualtrics® after four weeks of lockdown in Austria to recruit a representative sample regarding gender, age, education, and region. Indicators of mental health were quality of life (WHO-QOL BREF), well-being (WHO-5), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), stress (PSS-10), and sleep quality (ISI).
resultsIn total, N = 1005 individuals were included (53% women). 21% scored above the cut off ≥10 points (PHQ-9) for moderate depressive symptoms, 119% scored above the cut-off ≥10 points (GAD-7) for moderate anxiety symptoms, and 16% above the cut-off ≥15 points (ISI) for clinical insomnia. ANOVAs, Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests, and t-tests showed highest mental health problems in adults under 35 years, women, people with no work, and low income (all p-values <.05). Comparisons with a large Austrian sample recruited within the ATHIS 2014 study showed increases of depression and decreases of quality of life in times of COVID-19 as compared to before COVID-19.
conclusionsDepressive symptoms (21%) and anxiety symptoms (19%) are higher during COVID-19 compared to previous epidemiological data. 16% rated over the cut-off for moderate or severe clinical insomnia. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown seems particularly stressful for younger adults (<35 years), women, people without work, and low income.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.