ArticleDisability and health journal2020
Cause of death in adults with Down syndrome in the United States.
Article in Disability and health journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Respiratory support in patients with Down syndrome: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Association of Alzheimer Disease With Life Expectancy in People With Down Syndrome.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Disease burden of viral respiratory infections in people with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Death in People with Down syndrome: Mortality statistics and novel predictors in US Medicaid and Medicare enrolled adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Vaccination in individuals with Down syndrome: immune vulnerability, safety, efficacy and opportunities.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Immediate and Underlying Causes of Death and Survival Rates in Aging Adults With Down Syndrome.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2026Article
- Nutrient Intake and Physical Activity of School-Aged Children with Trisomy 21 Living in Manitoba, Canada.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Visual Communication Supports for the Assessment of Swallowing and Somatosensation in Adults With Down Syndrome.Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups · 2026Article
- Factors impacting survival in individuals with Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Novel predictors of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome identified using machine learning.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Plasma p-tau217 as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease pathology in individuals with Down syndrome.Nature communications · 2025Observational
- CTAD taskforce: genetic therapies in Alzheimer's disease.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Review
- Vertebrate and Invertebrate Animal Models for the Study of Down Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cholinotrophic basal forebrain connectome dysfunction in Down syndrome with and without dementia.iScience · 2025Article
- Age and sex are associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- TcMAC21 mouse model recapitulates abnormal vascular physiology observed in humans with Down syndrome.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and diversity of retinal disease in adults with Down syndrome.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Profiling hippocampal neuronal populations reveals unique gene expression mosaics reflective of connectivity-based degeneration in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
- The immunoreactive signature of monocyte-derived dendritic cells from patients with Down syndrome.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrior studies report anomalous cause of death patterns for adults with Down syndrome, but do not provide comparison of age trends for specific causes of death between adults with and without Down syndrome, or explore biological sex and racial-ethnic differences in causes of death among adults with Down syndrome.
objectiveTo better understand cause of death trends for adults, age 18 and over, with Down syndrome.
methodsCross-sectional data were from the 2013-2017 US Multiple Cause of Death Mortality files. Adjusted odds ratios were utilized to compare cause of death trends overall, and by age, between adults with (N = 9870) and without (N = 13,323,001) Down syndrome. We also analyzed biological sex and race-ethnic differences in cause of death solely among adults with Down syndrome.
resultsAlthough heart disease, dementia and Alzheimer's disease, and cancer were common among adults all adults, death from these diseases was more prominent at younger ages for adults with Down syndrome. Adults with Down syndrome were also more likely to die from influenza and pneumonia, pneumonitis, respiratory failure, and choking at all ages. Distinct biological sex and racial-ethnic differences were present in causes of death among adults with Down syndrome.
conclusionsWhile efforts to reduce premature mortality for adults with Down syndrome should attend to common risk factors such as heart disease, dementia and Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, it is imperative to afford increased attention to earlier onset of these diseases, as well as increased risk of death from respiratory and swallowing/choking related disorders at all ages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.