ArticleUrology2021
School Toileting Environment, Bullying, and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in a Population of Adolescent and Young Adult Girls: Preventing Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Consortium Analysis of Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
Article in Urology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- URICA Study: Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Acute Bacterial Cystitis in Women With Urinary Behavioral Therapy.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- The Role of Sanitary Pads in School Achievement in Low-Income Settings.Social science research · 2026Article
- Parental understanding of restrictive bathroom policies in school-aged children.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Article
- Uncovering Hidden Patterns of Stigma Amongst Older Men With Urinary Incontinence: A Latent Profile Analysis.International journal of nursing practice · 2026Article
- Bladder Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs among US Adolescent Women.Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology · 2025Article
- Creating a community advisory board for pediatric bladder health.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Is there an association between physical activity and lower urinary tract symptoms in adolescent girls? Results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
- Continence Problems and Mental Health in Adolescents from a UK Cohort.European urology · 2023Article
- Assessing Access to WASH in Urban Schools during COVID-19 in Kazakhstan: Case Study of Central Kazakhstan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Dissatisfaction with school toilets is associated with bladder and bowel dysfunction.European journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
- The effect of school toileting behaviors and environment on the development of bowel and bladder dysfunction symptoms in children aged 5-10 years.Journal of family & community medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine whether the school toilet environment at age 13, including bullying at toilets, is associated with female lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) at ages 13 and 19, as little is known about the association among school toilet environment, voiding behaviors, and LUTS in adolescent girls.
methodsThe sample comprised 3962 female participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. At age 13, participants reported on 7 school toilet environment characteristics and a range of LUTS items. At age 19, participants completed the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire.
resultsAll toilet environmental factors were associated with at least 1 LUTS outcome at age 13. Holding behavior was associated with all school toilet environmental factors, with odds ratios ranging from 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.76) for dirty toilets to 2.38 (95% CI: 1.60, 3.52) for feeling bullied at toilets. Bullying was associated with all daytime LUTS symptoms and nocturia; odds ratios ranged from 1.60 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.07) for nocturia to 2.90 (95% CI: 1.77, 4.75) for urgency. Associations between age 13 school toilets and age 19 LUTS were in the same direction as age 13 LUTS.
conclusionThis is the first examination of associations between school toilets and LUTS. Toileting environments were cross-sectionally associated with LUTS in adolescent girls. While further work is needed to determine whether these associations are causal, school toilet environments are modifiable and thus a promising target for LUTS prevention.
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