ArticleJournal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society2021
The CARMA Study: Early Infant Antiretroviral Therapy-Timing Impacts on Total HIV-1 DNA Quantitation 12 Years Later.
Article in Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamics of Intact and Defective Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Proviruses During Decades of Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment in Young Adults With Perinatal HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Current perspectives and emerging directions in research and practice: highlights from the 15th Annual International Workshop on Aging and HIV.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Immune signatures and biomarkers of viral control in early-treated children with HIV: insights informing intervention.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Accelerated CD8iScience · 2024Article
- More than the Infinite Monkey Theorem: NHP Models in the Development of a Pediatric HIV Cure.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Observational
- Low unspliced cell-associated HIV RNA in early treated adolescents living with HIV on long suppressive ART.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Determinants of nonsuppression of HIV viral load among children receiving antiretroviral therapy in the Simiyu region: a cross-sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Early treatment regimens achieve sustained virologic remission in infant macaques infected with SIV at birth.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Challenges and Opportunities of Therapies Targeting Early Life Immunity for Pediatric HIV Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Clinical, Virological and Immunological Subphenotypes in a Cohort of Early Treated HIV-Infected Children.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Determinants of B-Cell Compartment Hyperactivation in European Adolescents Living With Perinatally Acquired HIV-1 After Over 10 Years of Suppressive Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Persistence of Unintegrated HIV DNA Associates With Ongoing NK Cell Activation and CD34+DNAM-1brightCXCR4+ Precursor Turnover in Vertically Infected Patients Despite Successful Antiretroviral Treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- miRNA Profile Based on ART Delay in Vertically Infected HIV-1 Youths Is Associated With Inflammatory Biomarkers and Activation and Maturation Immune Levels.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Size of HIV-1 reservoir is associated with telomere shortening and immunosenescence in early-treated European children with perinatally acquired HIV-1.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- Early ART initiation during infancy preserves natural killer cells in young European adolescents living with HIV (CARMA cohort).Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- T cell immune discriminants of HIV reservoir size in a pediatric cohort of perinatally infected individuals.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Understanding Viral and Immune Interplay During Vertical Transmission of HIV: Implications for Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStrategies aimed at antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free remission will target individuals with a limited viral reservoir. We investigated factors associated with low reservoir measured as total human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in perinatal infection (PaHIV).
methodsChildren from 7 European centers in the Early Treated Perinatally HIV Infected Individuals: Improving Children's Actual Life (EPIICAL) consortium who commenced ART aged <2 years, and remained suppressed (viral load [VL] <50 copies/mL) for >5 years were included. Total HIV-1 DNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction per million PBMCs. Factors associated with total HIV-1 DNA were analyzed using generalized additive models. Age, VL at ART initiation, and baseline CD4% effects were tested including smoothing splines to test nonlinear association.
resultsForty PaHIV, 27 (67.5%) female 21 (52.5%) Black/Black African, had total HIV-1 DNA measured; median 12 (IQR, 7.3-15.4) years after ART initiation. Eleven had total HIV-1 DNA <10 copies/106 PBMCs. HIV-1 DNA levels were positively associated with age and VL at ART initiation, baseline CD4%, and Western blot antibody score. Age at ART initiation presented a linear association (coefficient = 0.10 ± 0.001, P ≤ .001), the effect of VL (coefficient = 0.35 ± 0.1, P ≤ .001) noticeable >6 logs. The effect of CD4% (coefficient = 0.03 ± 0.01, P = .049) was not maintained >40%.
conclusionsIn this PaHIV cohort, reduced total HIV-1 DNA levels were associated with younger age and lower VL at ART initiation. The impact of early-infant treatment on reservoir size persists after a decade of suppressive therapy.
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