SynthesisBMC medicine2020
Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review on antimicrobial resistance and treatment.
Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complications and mortality of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Antibiotic-resistance in medically important bacteria isolated from commercial herbal medicines in Africa from 2000 to 2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Pooled it
- Incidence of non-typhoidal Salmonella invasive disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of infection · 2021Pooled it
- Azithromycin in severe malaria bacterial co-infection in African children (TABS-PKPD): a phase II randomised controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- Prevalence, serotype diversity, and antibiotic resistance of non-typhoidal Salmonella in East African poultry: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella co-infect and complicate Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children under-five: A prospective cohort study on clinical presentation and outcome in Kisantu district hospital, DR Congo.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Observational
- Epidemiology, Temporal Trends and Resistance Patterns of ESBL-Producing Non-TyphoidalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multivalent vaccines for invasiveInfection and immunity · 2026Review
- Country-level perspectives and priorities to guide the development of Invasive non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) vaccines: Insights from seven countries.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- Multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella and Escherichia coli in imported poultry products in the Maldives.Access microbiology · 2026Article
- Persistence of non-typhoidalFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Genomic characterization of Salmonella enterica isolates causing typhoid among Ghanaian patients.PloS one · 2026Article
- Preclinical evaluation of multivalent vaccine combinations againstFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- SevereInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates of salmonella species producing extended spectrum beta lactamases as predictor of multidrug resistance in a tertiary hospital, Southeastern Nigeria.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Identification of multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 and other NTS from animal-environmental origins in South Africa.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Article
- Indispensable role of AcrEF in modulating Salmonella virulence and disrupting host tight junctions to facilitate paracellular entry and invasion.Biology direct · 2025Article
- Phenotypic resistance and virulence gene profiles of non-typhoidalVeterinary world · 2025Article
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella combination vaccines: clinical development plan and regulatory considerations.Vaccine · 2025Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNon-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are a frequent cause of invasive infections in sub-Saharan Africa. They are frequently multidrug resistant (co-resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol), and resistance to third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility have been reported. Third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are often used to treat invasive NTS infections, but azithromycin might be an alternative. However, data on antibiotic treatment efficacy in invasive NTS infections are lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of antimicrobial resistance in invasive NTS infections in sub-Saharan Africa and to describe the available evidence and recommendations on antimicrobial treatment.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of all available literature on antimicrobial resistance and treatment in invasive NTS infections. We performed a random effects meta-analysis to assess the temporal distribution of multidrug resistance, third-generation cephalosporin resistance, and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility. We mapped these data to assess the spatial distribution. We provided a narrative synthesis of the available evidence and recommendations on antimicrobial treatment.
resultsSince 2001, multidrug resistance was observed in 75% of NTS isolates from all sub-Saharan African regions (95% confidence interval, 70-80% and 65-84%). Third-generation cephalosporin resistance emerged in all sub-Saharan African regions and was present in 5% (95% confidence interval, 1-10%) after 2010. Fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility emerged in all sub-Saharan African regions but did not increase over time. Azithromycin resistance was reported in DR Congo. There were no reports on carbapenem resistance. We did not find high-quality evidence on the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment. There were no supranational guidelines. The "Access group" antibiotics ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol and "Watch group" antibiotics ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin were recommended as the first-choice antibiotics in national guidelines or reviews. These also recommended (a switch to) oral fluoroquinolones or azithromycin.
conclusionsIn addition to the widespread multidrug resistance in invasive NTS infections in sub-Saharan Africa, resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility was present in all regions. There was a lack of data on the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment in these infections, and supranational evidence-based guidelines were absent.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.