ArticleBiological research for nursing2021
Cytokine Levels and Symptoms Among Women with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Considering the Role of Hormonal Contraceptive Use.
Article in Biological research for nursing, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Symptom Severity, Body Image Dissatisfaction, and Movement Behaviors in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Analysis of Quality of Life Determinants.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Roadmap for Advancing Women's Health in Disorders of the Gut-Brain Interaction.United European gastroenterology journal · 2026Review
- Exploration of Cytokines and Microbiome Among Males and Females with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Relationship Between High Frequency Component of Heart Rate Variability and Delta EEG Power During Sleep in Women With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Compared to Healthy Women.Biological research for nursing · 2025Article
- Genetic Variations in TrkB.T1 Isoform and Their Association With Somatic and Psychological Symptoms in Individuals With IBS.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Putting Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders within the Spectrum of Inflammatory Disorders Can Improve Classification and Diagnostics of These Disorders.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Exploration of associations among dietary tryptophan, microbiome composition and function, and symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2023Article
- Evaluation of two laboratory model methods for diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Article
- Gut bless you: The microbiota-gut-brain axis in irritable bowel syndrome.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundYoung to middle-aged women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Immune dysfunction may be present in IBS, however, few studies have tested whether hormonal contraceptive use is linked to inflammatory markers. The purpose of this study was to compare cytokine levels between women (ages 18-45) with and without IBS and with and without hormonal contraceptive use and to examine the relationships of cytokine levels to IBS gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI symptoms within those using and not using hormonal contraceptives.
methodsSeventy-three women with IBS and 47 healthy control women completed questionnaires (demographics, hormonal contraceptive use) and kept a 28-day symptom diary. Fasting plasma and LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-8, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were assayed.
resultsNo differences were found in plasma or stimulated cytokine levels between IBS and control women. Levels of IL-1β (
conclusionsThese results suggest that hormonal contraceptive use might reduce IL-1β and TNF-α cytokine levels in women with IBS. The impact of hormonal contraceptive use on innate immune activation among women with IBS requires further research.
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Registered trials
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