SynthesisJournal of postgraduate medicine
Respectful maternity care during childbirth in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of postgraduate medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Respectful maternity care and intersectional identities in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of mistreatment and disrespect of women during childbirth in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2025Pooled it
- "One's life becomes even more miserable when we hear all those hurtful words". A mixed methods systematic review of disrespect and abuse in abortion care.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Pooled it
- Respectful maternity care interventions to address women mistreatment in childbirth: What has been done?BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- The prevalence of respectful maternity care during childbirth and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Disrespect and abuse of women during the process of childbirth at health facilities in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC international health and human rights · 2020Pooled it
- Respectful maternity care during childbirth in the rural tertiary care facility at Bihar.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Assessment of knowledge, skills and acceptance of the M-SAKHI mHealth App by Indian maternal and child health community workers using a pre and post-evaluation design.Discover public health · 2026Article
- Assessment of Maternal Satisfaction with Childbirth Services at Secondary Healthcare Facilities in District Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India-A Mixed Method Study.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025Article
- Women with disabilities' experiences with respectful maternity care in Nepal: a phenomenological study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- An exploration of perinatal healthcare providers' perspectives on respectful maternity care in the United States: a scoping review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Exploring Respectful Maternity Care and its determinants: a mixed methods cross-sectional study from a rural area in central India.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Women's Lives and Birth Experiences Are Important! Evaluation of Women's Perceptions of Respectful Maternal Care: The Mother-Friendly Hospital Difference.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2025Article
- Respectful maternity care and associated factors among mothers who gave birth at public health institutions in Debre Tabor town, Northwest Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- An Exploration of Maternal Health Care Providers' Perspectives on Respectful Maternity Care in the United States: A Scoping Review Protocol.Health equity · 2025Review
- Article
- A multi-level meta-analysis of the relationship between decision-making during birth and postpartum mental health.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2025Review
- Does mistreatment during institutional childbirth increase the likelihood of experiencing postpartum depressive symptoms? A prospective cohort study in Nepal.Global health action · 2024Article
- M-SAKHI - Mobile health solutions to help community providers promote maternal and infant nutrition and health: a description of development of the Program Impact Pathway using Theory of Change.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Respectful Maternity Care during labour and postpartum in a tertiary hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRespectful maternity care is a rightful expectation of women. However, disrespectful maternity care is prevalent in various settings. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to identify various forms of ill-treatment, determinants, and pooled prevalence of disrespectful maternity care in India.
methodsA systematic review was performed in various databases. After quality assessment, seven studies were included. Pooled prevalence was estimated using the inverse variance method and the random-effects model using Review Manager Software.
resultsIndividual study prevalence ranged from 20.9% to 100%. The overall pooled prevalence of disrespectful maternity care was 71.31% (95% CI 39.84-102.78). Pooled prevalence in community-based studies was 77.32% (95% CI 56.71-97.93), which was higher as compared to studies conducted in health facilities, this being 65.38% (95% CI 15.76-115.01). The highest reported form of ill-treatment was non-consent (49.84%), verbal abuse (25.75%) followed by threats (23.25%), physical abuse (16.96%), and discrimination (14.79%). Besides, other factors identified included lack of dignity, delivery by unqualified personnel, lack of privacy, demand for informal payments, and lack of basic infrastructure, hygiene, and sanitation. The determinants identified for disrespect and abuse were sociocultural factors including age, socioeconomic status, caste, parity, women autonomy, empowerment, comorbidities, and environmental factors including infrastructural issues, overcrowding, ill-equipped health facilities, supply constraints, and healthcare access.
conclusionThe high prevalence of disrespectful maternity care indicates an urgent need to improve maternity care in India by making it more respectful, dignified, and women-centered. Interventions, policies, and programs should be implemented that will protect the fundamental rights of women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.