ReviewClinical medicine (London, England)2020
Is immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated diabetes the same as fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Review in Clinical medicine (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor- and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor-related diabetes induced by antineoplastic drugs: two case reports and a literature review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Combined diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: Underrecognized and underreported emergency in ICIs-DM.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- PD-1 inhibitor-associated type 1 diabetes: A case report and systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pembrolizumab-induced type-1 diabetes mellitus: clinical characteristics, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis from a retrospective analysis of 43 published cases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People at High Risk of Diabetes and Dysglycaemia: Transforming Early Risk Detection and Personalised Care.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Durvalumab‑induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Early insulin averts hyperglycemic crisis in slow-onset durvalumab-induced checkpoint inhibitor-associated autoimmune diabetes mellitus.Journal of rural medicine : JRM · 2025Article
- On the Similarity Between Postpartum Autoimmune Abnormalities and Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAE) by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): The Placenta as a PD-L1-Rich Immune-Tolerant Organ.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2025Article
- [Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus with acute pancreatitis: A case report and literature review].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2024Review
- Two cases of conventional fulminant type 1 diabetes: following the depletion process of endogenous insulin secretion and literature review.Diabetology international · 2024Article
- Distinct changes to pancreatic volume rather than pancreatic autoantibody positivity: insights into immune checkpoint inhibitors induced diabetes mellitus.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Autoimmune diabetes from pembrolizumab: A case report and review of literature.World journal of clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Presence of PD-1 similarity genes in monocytes may promote the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Article
- Diagnostic criteria and proposed management of immune-related endocrinopathies following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer.Endocrine connections · 2023Review
- A Concerted Vision to Advance the Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Relationship between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, TNF-α, and IL-10 Gene Expression.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Clinical and immunological characteristics of PD-1 associated fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Article
- Nivolumab-induced diabetes mellitus-a case report with literature review of the treatment options.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Overlap of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pembrolizumab is an anti-cancer drug that targets programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) receptors on lymphocytes resulting in their activation against tumour cells. PD-1 receptors are also interspersed in endocrine organs and pembrolizumab use has long been associated with hypophysitis and thyroiditis. Since the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), several cases of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) have been reported. However, it is unclear if FT1DM and ICI-induced diabetes are the same pathology. We review the existing literature of ICI-induced diabetes to investigate its nature and to what extent it represents type 1A diabetes and/or FT1DM (type 1B diabetes) using an example case. Our review showed that ICI-induced diabetes may be a different entity to FT1DM. Furthermore, there is limited evidence for the management of ICI-induced T1DM. Further research into its pathophysiology will improve management and possibly prevent this burdensome complication.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.