Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32674285›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020

Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities.

Huidi Xiao, Wen Shu, Menglong Li, Ziang Li, Fangbiao Tao, Xiaoyan Wu, Yizhen Yu, Heng Meng, Sten H Vermund, Yifei Hu

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 91 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
91citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

91 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Prevalence of Anxiety in Dental Students during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Pooled it
  14. Pooled it
  15. Pooled it
  16. The role of household composition in social isolation and anxiety: evidence from adults in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Huidi XiaoDepartment of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
Wen ShuDepartment of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
Menglong LiDepartment of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
Ziang LiDepartment of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
Fangbiao TaoDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
Xiaoyan WuDepartment of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
Yizhen YuDepartment of Child and Women Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Heng MengDepartment of Child and Women Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Sten H VermundDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7289-8698
Yifei HuDepartment of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4611-2206

Funding

Using Coincidence Analysis to Investigate Factors Affecting PrEP Initiation and Continuation in Southern ending the Epidemic CountiesP30MH062294 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John Edward Pachankis · 2001 to 2026
$48.5M
National Natural Science Foundation of China 81673232Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality 7202009NIH HHS P30MH062294
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDuring the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, harsh social distancing measures were taken in China to contain viral spread. We examined their impact on the lives of medical students.

methodsA nation-wide cross-sectional survey of college students was conducted from 4-12 February 2020. We enrolled medical students studying public health in Beijing and Wuhan to assess their COVID-19 awareness and to evaluate their mental health status/behaviors using a self-administered questionnaire. We used the Patient Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Health Questionnaire-9 to measure anxiety disorders and depression. We used multivariable logistic regression and path analysis to assess the associations between covariates and anxiety disorder/depression.

resultsOf 933 students, 898 (96.2%) reported wearing masks frequently when going out, 723 (77.5%) reported daily handwashing with soap, 676 (72.5%) washed hands immediately after arriving home, and 914 (98.0%) reported staying home as much as possible. Prevalence of anxiety disorder was 17.1% and depression was 25.3%. Multivariable logistic regression showed anxiety to be associated with graduate student status (odds ratio (aOR) = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-3.5), negative thoughts or actions (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.4-1.7), and feeling depressed (aOR = 6.8; 95% CI: 4.0-11.7). Beijing students were significantly less likely to have anxiety than those in the Wuhan epicenter (aOR = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8-1.0), but depression did not differ. Depression was associated with female students (aOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2-3.3), negative thoughts or actions (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.5-1.9), and anxiety disorder (aOR = 5.8; 95% CI: 3.4-9.9). Path analysis validated these same predictors.

conclusionsDespite medical students' knowledge of disease control and prevention, their lives were greatly affected by social distancing, especially in the Wuhan epicenter. Even well-informed students needed psychological support during these extraordinarily stressful times.

Indexed as

AwarenessPandemicsSocial BehaviorAdultAnxiety DisordersBetacoronavirusChinaCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19Cross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFemaleHumansMalePneumonia, ViralSARS-CoV-2anxiety disorderChinaCOVID-19depressionknowledgemedical studentspersonal protective measuressocial distancing

Identifiers

PMID32674285
PMCPMC7399842

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.