ArticlePloS one2020
Multidimensional gender discrimination in workplace and depressive symptoms.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multiple discrimination at work and depressive symptoms in young adults.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Workplace violence as a predictor of job stress and turnover intention: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Association between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms among male and female mining workers in Chile: a sex-stratified analysis and the mediating role of psychological distress.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence rate of perceived gender discrimination and its associations with suicide behaviors in Chinese adolescents: the mediating roles of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Binge drinking in American Indian Alaskan Native college attending students.Ethnicity & health · 2025Article
- Examining the effects of upward social mobility on women's workplace experiences in China.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Labor market discrimination and suicidal ideation: A longitudinal study of Korean women.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Multifaceted Work-to-Life Negative Spillover and Depressive Symptoms among Working Women: The Moderating Effect of Social Activities Satisfaction.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Gender-Oriented Mental Health Prevention: A Reappraisal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life in Staff of a Hospital in Athens: A Study in the Aftermath of the Debt Crisis Era.Acta medica Lituanic · 2021Article
- Revisiting the Women Workplace Culture Scale: Validation and Psychometric Properties of a Three-Factor Structure in an Iranian Study Sample.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2020Article
- Women and the workplace.Industrial psychiatry journalArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiscrimination is associated with depressive symptoms and other negative health effects, but little is known about the mental health risks of workplace gender discrimination. We aimed to investigate the association of workplace gender discrimination and depressive symptoms among employed women in South Korea.
methodsThe 6th wave (2016) survey datasets of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family (KLoWF) were analyzed for 2,339 respondents who are identified as wage workers. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the short-form (10-item) Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale. Association of workplace gender discrimination and depressive symptoms was assessed using multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounding variables including age, income satisfaction, education level, marital status, and currently diagnosed disease. We then measured the age effect using age stratification multivariate logistic regression model.
resultsWomen who experienced gender discrimination at workplace had higher odds of depressive symptoms regardless of the type of the discrimination including hiring, promotion, work assignments, paid wages, and firing. These associations were consistent in younger women below 40 years of age in regard to hiring, promotion, paid wages and firing, whereas inconsistent among older women above 40 years of age. LIMITATIONS: We did not investigate the effect of workplace gender discrimination on depressive symptoms in a longitudinal manner.
conclusionsWorkplace gender discrimination was found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms after adjustment for socio-demographic factors. Further, women under 40 years of age were especially vulnerable to workplace gender discrimination.
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