ArticleJournal of medical virology2021
Encephalitic syndrome and anosmia in COVID-19: Do these clinical presentations really reflect SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism? A theory based on the review of 25 COVID-19 cases.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comorbidities, Associated Diseases, and Risk Assessment in COVID-19-A Systematic Review.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Encephalitis as a neurological complication of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, outcomes, and predictors.European journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Post-Acute Sequelae and Mitochondrial Aberration in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Fulminant coronavirus disease 2019 meningitis in Iranian infants: a case series.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- Trends of respiratory virus detection in point-of-care testing: A review.Analytica chimica acta · 2023Review
- Overview of the retina and imaging in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.International ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Pathological Features and Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brain and Potential Therapeutic Approaches.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Pathogenesis of Olfactory Disorders in COVID-19.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Acute and chronic neurological disorders in COVID-19: potential mechanisms of disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021Review
- Can SARS-CoV-2 Infection Lead to Neurodegeneration and Parkinson's Disease?Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Dysautonomia and Implications for Anosmia in Long COVID-19 Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Evidence of central nervous system infection and neuroinvasive routes, as well as neurological involvement, in the lethality of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of medical virology · 2021Review
- The Many Faces of JAKs and STATs Within the COVID-19 Storm.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Encephalitis in a Pandemic.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Observational cohort study of neurological involvement among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2021Article
- Aseptic Meningitis after Recovery from SARS-CoV-2 in an Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2021Article
- Prenatal exposure to viral infection and neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring: A review of the literature and recommendations for the COVID-19 pandemic.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Review
- Encephalitic syndrome and anosmia in COVID-19: Do these clinical presentations really reflect SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism? A theory based on the review of 25 COVID-19 cases.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- SARS-CoV- 2 Encephalitis in an Adolescent Girl.Indian pediatrics · 2020Article
- Encephalitis Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Child With Chiari Malformation Type I.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the discovery of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathology showed different faces. There is an increasing number of cases described as (meningo)encephalitis although evidence often lacks. Anosmia, another atypical form of COVID-19, has been considered as testimony of the potential of neuroinvasiveness of SARS-CoV-2, though this hypothesis remains highly speculative. We did a review of the cases reported as brain injury caused by SARS-CoV-2. Over 98 papers found, 21 were analyzed. Only four publications provided evidence of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 within the central nervous system (CNS). When facing acute neurological abnormalities during an infectious episode it is often difficult to disentangle neurological symptoms induced by the brain infection and those due to the impact of host immune response on the CNS. Cytokines release can disturb neural cells functioning and can have in the most severe cases vascular and cytotoxic effects. An inappropriate immune response can lead to the production of auto-antibodies directed toward CNS components. In the case of proven SARS-CoV-2 brain invasion, the main hypothesis found in the literature focus on a neural pathway, especially the direct route via the nasal cavity, although the virus is likely to reach the CNS using other routes. Our ability to come up with hypotheses about the mechanisms by which the virus might interact with the CNS may help to keep in mind that all neurological symptoms observed during COVID-19 do not always rely on CNS viral invasion.
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