ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2020
COVID-19 vaccine-readiness for anti-CD20-depleting therapy in autoimmune diseases.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 123 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Partially Blinded, Placebo and Avonex Controlled Dose Finding Study to Evaluate the Efficacy As Measured by Brain MRI Lesions, and Safety of 2 Dose Regimens of Ocrelizumab in Patients With RRMS
A Phase IIIB, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Effects of Ocrelizumab on Immune Responses in Patients With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis
Antibodies Production After Covid-19 Vaccination Among Patients With Medical History of Cancer and Anti-CD-20 Treatment
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Watch out for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder onset or clinical relapse after COVID-19 vaccination: What neurologists need to know?Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review/meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Pooled it
- MENACTRIMS practice guideline for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2021Guideline
- American College of Rheumatology Guidance for COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: Version 3.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2021Guideline
- American College of Rheumatology Guidance for COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: Version 1.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2021Guideline
- COVID-19 and disease-modifying therapies in patients with demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system: A systematic review.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Risk factors of severe COVID-19 in people with multiple sclerosis : A systematic review and meta-analysis.Revue neurologiquePooled it
- CD19+IgD+CD27- Naïve B Cells as Predictors of Humoral Response to COVID 19 mRNA Vaccination in Immunocompromised Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in vasculitis-related immune suppression.Science advances · 2025Article
- A multi-centre longitudinal study analysing multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapy prescribing patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Vaccine Safety and Immunogenicity in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Natalizumab.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses in Patients with Neuroimmunological Disorders: A Real-World Experience.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- A bioinformatic analysis of T-cell epitope diversity in SARS-CoV-2 variants: association with COVID-19 clinical severity in the United States population.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Real-world efficacy, roll-out and uptake of intramuscular tixagevimab/cilgavimab as COVID-19 pre-exposure prophylaxis in people with multiple sclerosis and neuroimmunological conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMJ neurology open · 2024Article
- Humoral and Cell-Mediated Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in a Cohort of Immunodeficient Patients.Hematology reports · 2023Article
- Knowledge mapping of COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases: a visual and bibliometric analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- No elevated risk of COVID-19 in atopic dermatitis patients: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2023Article
- Extended interval dosing of ocrelizumab modifies the repopulation of B cells without altering the clinical efficacy in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Vaccine-breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in people with multiple sclerosis and related conditions: An observational study by the New York COVID-19 Neuro-Immunology Consortium (NYCNIC-2).Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Observational
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although most autoimmune diseases are considered to be CD4 T cell- or antibody-mediated, many respond to CD20-depleting antibodies that have limited influence on CD4 and plasma cells. This includes rituximab, oblinutuzumab and ofatumumab that are used in cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and off-label in a large number of other autoimmunities and ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic created concerns about immunosuppression in autoimmunity, leading to cessation or a delay in immunotherapy treatments. However, based on the known and emerging biology of autoimmunity and COVID-19, it was hypothesised that while B cell depletion should not necessarily expose people to severe SARS-CoV-2-related issues, it may inhibit protective immunity following infection and vaccination. As such, drug-induced B cell subset inhibition, that controls at least some autoimmunities, would not influence innate and CD8 T cell responses, which are central to SARS-CoV-2 elimination, nor the hypercoagulation and innate inflammation causing severe morbidity. This is supported clinically, as the majority of SARS-CoV-2-infected, CD20-depleted people with autoimmunity have recovered. However, protective neutralizing antibody and vaccination responses are predicted to be blunted until naive B cells repopulate, based on B cell repopulation kinetics and vaccination responses, from published rituximab and unpublished ocrelizumab (NCT00676715, NCT02545868) trial data, shown here. This suggests that it may be possible to undertake dose interruption to maintain inflammatory disease control, while allowing effective vaccination against SARS-CoV-29, if and when an effective vaccine is available.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.