ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2020
The Clinical and Economic Burden of Norovirus Gastroenteritis in the United States.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plscr1 inhibits murine norovirus entry.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Correlation of Norovirus in Wastewater with Gastroenteritis-Related Hospitalizations, New York, USA, 2022-2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Overcoming host restrictions to enable continuous passaging of GII.3 human norovirus in human intestinal enteroids.Science advances · 2026Article
- Correlation Between Infectivity and qRT-PCR Values for Murine Norovirus Recovered from Frozen Berries.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Health Care Costs Associated With Norovirus at the Veterans Health Administration.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Trim7 does not have a role in the restriction of murine norovirus infectionJournal of virology · 2025Article
- Acute Gastroenteritis Among Household Contacts of Children with Severe Norovirus Gastroenteritis, United States, 2011-2016.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Article
- Development of a replication competent murine norovirus reporter system.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- In Vitro Efficacy of Foam Hand Sanitizers Against Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Optimizing RT-qPCR multiplex assays for simultaneous detection of enteric and respiratory viruses in wastewater.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- Evaluation and Application of the MIRA-qPCR Method for Rapid Detection of Norovirus Genogroup II in Shellfish.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of noroviruses from an outbreak associated with oysters.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Health impact of rotavirus vaccination in China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Article
- INTRA- AND INTER-HOST EVOLUTION OF HUMAN NOROVIRUS IN HEALTHY ADULTS.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Linear Mixed Model of Virus Disinfection by Free Chlorine to Harmonize Data Collected across Broad Environmental Conditions.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Noroviruses: Evolutionary Dynamics, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Advances-A Comprehensive Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Household economic costs of norovirus gastroenteritis in two community cohorts in Peru, 2012-2019.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of Human Norovirus Variants from Outbreaks in Zhejiang Province, China, during 2021.Advances in virology · 2024Article
- Childcare and School Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks: 2009-2020.Pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough norovirus outbreaks periodically make headlines, it is unclear how much attention norovirus may receive otherwise. A better understanding of the burden could help determine how to prioritize norovirus prevention and control.
methodsWe developed a computational simulation model to quantify the clinical and economic burden of norovirus in the United States.
resultsA symptomatic case generated $48 in direct medical costs, $416 in productivity losses ($464 total). The median yearly cost of outbreaks was $7.6 million (range across years, $7.5-$8.2 million) in direct medical costs, and $165.3 million ($161.1-$176.4 million) in productivity losses ($173.5 million total). Sporadic illnesses in the community (incidence, 10-150/1000 population) resulted in 14 118-211 705 hospitalizations, 8.2-122.9 million missed school/work days, $0.2-$2.3 billion in direct medical costs, and $1.4-$20.7 billion in productivity losses ($1.5-$23.1 billion total). The total cost was $10.6 billion based on the current incidence estimate (68.9/1000).
conclusionOur study quantified norovirus' burden. Of the total burden, sporadic cases constituted >90% (thus, annual burden may vary depending on incidence) and productivity losses represented 89%. More than half the economic burden is in adults ≥45, more than half occurs in winter months, and >90% of outbreak costs are due to person-to-person transmission, offering insights into where and when prevention/control efforts may yield returns.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.