ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology case reports2020
Periorbital botulinum toxin A improves photophobia and sensations of dryness in patients without migraine: Case series of four patients.
Article in American journal of ophthalmology case reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Botulinum toxin A effective in treating dry eye disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Chronic Ocular Surface Pain: A Missing Member of the Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions?Drugs · 2026Review
- Neuropathic Corneal Pain and Blepharospasm: A Case Series.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Is Current Evidence Sufficient to Establish the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A in Treating Persistent Dry Eye Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventional Studies With a Critical Review Using GRADE Tool.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Impact of botulinum toxin type A on ocular pain with neuropathic features.The ocular surface · 2025Article
- CORONIS symposium 2023: Scientific and clinical frontiers in ocular surface innervation.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Article
- Abnormal visual cortex activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging in treatment resistant photophobia in Friedreich Ataxia.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2024Article
- Teprotumumab improves light sensitivity in patients with thyroid eye disease.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Electroacupuncture Alleviates Dry Eye Ocular Pain Through TNF-ɑ Mediated ERK1/2/P2XJournal of pain research · 2023Article
- Botulinum toxin A decreases neural activity in pain-related brain regions in individuals with chronic ocular pain and photophobia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Neuropathic ocular surface pain: Emerging drug targets and therapeutic implications.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2022Review
- Alternative therapies for dry eye disease.Current opinion in ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Differential Effects of Treatment Strategies in Individuals With Chronic Ocular Surface Pain With a Neuropathic Component.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Exploring the Link Between Dry Eye and Migraine: From Eye to Brain.Eye and brain · 2021Review
- Dry eye: why artificial tears are not always the answer.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Genome Wide Association Study of Neuropathic Ocular Pain.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIndividuals receiving botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections in the head and neck for migraine treatment have reported decreases in photophobia and sensations of dryness, independent of ocular surface parameters. We hypothesized that patients without migraine but with similar ocular neuropathic-like symptoms would also experience symptomatic improvement with periocular BoNT-A injections, independent of ocular surface changes. OBSERVATIONS: We identified four individuals without a history of migraine but with neuropathic ocular pain (symptoms of dryness, burning, and photophobia that were out of proportion to ocular surface findings and unresponsive to ongoing dry eye (DE) therapies). Individuals underwent 1 session of periocular BoNT-A injections. Validated questionnaires (Visual Light Sensitivity Questionnaire-8, Dry Eye Questionnaire-5) assessed photophobia and DE symptoms pre- and 1-month post-injections. All four reported improvements in frequency and severity of photophobia and eye discomfort following BoNT-A injections. Tear film parameters (phenol red thread test, tear break-up time, corneal staining, and Schirmer test) and eyelid (palpebral fissure height and levator palpebrae superioris function) and eyebrow (position) anatomy were also evaluated before and after injections. Despite a unanimous improvement in symptoms, there were no consistent changes in ocular surface parameters with BoNT-A injections across individuals.
conclusionsPeriocular BoNT-A shows promise in reducing photophobia and sensations of dryness in individuals with neuropathic-like DE symptoms without a history of migraine, independent of tear film, eyelid, or eyebrow parameters.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.