ArticleBMJ paediatrics open2020
Integrating eye health training into the primary child healthcare programme in Tanzania: a pre-training and post-training study.
Article in BMJ paediatrics open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Universal newborn eye screening: a systematic review of the literature and review of international guidelines.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of low-cost direct ophthalmoscopy training on glaucoma disc assessment by allied ophthalmic personnel students: a controlled pre-post study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Integrating eye health into a child health policy in Tanzania: global and national influences.Health policy and planning · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Assessing the capacity of primary health care facilities in Nigeria to deliver eye health promotion: Results of a mixed-methods feasibility study.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Primary eye health care: what do young children need?Community eye health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate a primary child eye care training module for use in the WHO/UNICEF Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) programme by primary healthcare workers.
designPre-training and post-training study.
settingPrimary healthcare facilities in a semirural district, central Tanzania.
participants54 primary healthcare workers selected by the Ministry of Health were trained during routine IMNCI training. All these healthcare workers were assessed pre-intervention and post-intervention. A subgroup of 40 were also assessed 6 months after the completion of training.
interventionTraining in an IMNCI eye module, developed for child primary healthcare workers with the Tanzania Ministry of Health and eye care experts.
main outcome measuresKnowledge, skills and attitudes were assessed using multiple choice questions, case studies and a self-assessment of skills using a Likert scale before and immediately after training, and 6 months later. A total score was derived. At 6 months, attitudes were assessed in semistructured interviews.
results69% PHWs trained were nurses. The baseline (before training) score was 29.9 (95% CI 27.5 to 32.4) and increased by 11.2 points (95% CI 8.3 to 14) immediately after training, and by 12.4 points (95% CI 9.2 to 15.6) at 6 months post the training. Therefore, the post-training scores increased and there was no evident difference in scores from immediately after training to 6 months later. Self-assessed confidence in skills decreased from 9/18 (95% CI 9 to 10) to 6/18 (95% CI 6 to 7). At 6 months, the module was reported as easy to understand and use, with challenges including difficulties in examining children's eyes and poor referral systems.
conclusionsThe module increased knowledge of child eye health in primary healthcare workers, which was maintained, and was acceptable. The module has since been included into the national IMNCI health policy in Tanzania.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.