ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2020
Lower practice effects as a marker of cognitive performance and dementia risk: A literature review.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Predicting Response to Pro-Cognitive Interventions in Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review by the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Targeting Cognition Task Force.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- Cognitive training and promoting a healthy lifestyle in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder: The randomized controlled trial CogTrAiL-RBD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Trial
- Change in Digital Cognitive Test Performance between Solanezumab and Placebo Groups in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: Secondary Analyses from the A4 Study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Trial
- Effects of a mindfulness-based versus a health self-management intervention on objective cognitive performance in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD): a secondary analysis of the SCD-Well randomized controlled trial.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2022Trial
- Observational
- Repeated presentation of a word list in a consistent order increases differences in total words recalled between those with and without Alzheimer's disease.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Selective associations between cognitive practice effects and reactive balance adaptation in multiple sclerosis.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2026Article
- Reliable detection and continuous monitoring of memory dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and healthy aging through adaptive computational phenotyping.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- A Brief Mindfulness Intervention for Pain Management in Fibromyalgia: A Single-arm Open-Label Study.Restorative neurology and neuroscience · 2026Article
- Joint trajectories of brain atrophy, white matter hyperintensities and cognition quantify brain maintenance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Exploring the association between higher education and steeper cognitive decline in a nationally representative longitudinal study in India.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Cognitive Assessment for Neuropsychological Impairments in Dogs (CANID): An Efficient, Repeatable, and Sensitive Evaluation for Age-related Cognitive Dysfunction.Research square · 2026Article
- Polygenic scores for executive functioning as predictors of performance improvements after repeated testing in major psychiatric disorders.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Practice effects as a dynamic biomarker of early cognitive change in far-from-onset Huntington's disease.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Mobile cognitive testing captures divergent longitudinal trajectories of verbal learning in adults with and without HIV.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Usability and Concurrent Validity of the Gamified Brain Aging Monitor of Cognition (BAMCOG) for the Self-Monitoring of Perioperative Cognitive Function: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Naming practice effects and inconsistencies relate to treatment outcome in people with aphasia.Neuropsychologia · 2025Article
- Using Bayesian item response theory for multicohort repeated measure design to estimate individual latent change scores.Psychological methods · 2025Article
- Practice Effects and Long Delays: A Case Report Exploring a Novel Approach to Detecting Accelerated Long-Term Forgetting.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Article
- Updating the self-appraisal of one's cognitive performance with 7 days of repeated exposure: From test-naïve to experienced.Neuropsychology · 2025Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPractice effects (PEs) are improvements in performance after repeated exposure to test materials, and typically viewed as a source of bias in repeated cognitive assessments. We aimed to determine whether characterizing PEs could also provide a useful marker of early cognitive decline.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of the literature, searching PsycInfo (Ebsco) and PubMed databases for articles studying PEs in aging and dementia populations. Articles published between 1920 and 2019 were included.
resultWe identified 259 articles, of which 27 studied PEs as markers of cognitive performance. These studies consistently showed that smaller, less-robust PEs were associated with current diagnostic status and/or future cognitive decline. In addition, lower PEs were associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors and neurodegeneration biomarkers.
conclusionPEs provide a potentially useful marker of cognitive decline, and could prove valuable as part of a cost-effective strategy to select individuals who are at-risk for dementia for future interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.