ArticlePreventive medicine reports2020
E-cigarette availability, price promotions and marketing at the point-of sale in the contiguous United States (2014-2015): National estimates and multilevel correlates.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of E-Cigarette Marketing Communication: Messages, Communication Channels, and Strategies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Commercial tobacco retail marketing in rural communities in Appalachian Kentucky, 2024.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Likelihood of Purchasing E-cigarettes Among Adolescents and Young Adults Exposed to E-cigarette Retail Marketing Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Retail Availability of Oral Nicotine Pouches in Three US Cities: A Geographic Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Social Media Engagement and Quit Intentions Among Youth With Exclusive E-cigarette Use: The Moderating Role of Social Norms.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- An observational study of the marketing practice of e-cigarette specialty stores in two large cities in China: Is there potential to normalize the use of e-cigarettes?Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Changes in retail tobacco product sales and market share among retail payroll establishments in the U.S. Economic Census between 1997 and 2017.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Price promotion receipt and use progression of any tobacco, cigarettes, e-cigarettes and cigars among US youth between 2016 and 2018.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Neighborhood distribution of availability of newer tobacco products: A US four-site study, 2021.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Ethnicity and the mechanisms of point-of-sale e-cigarette marketing's influence on behavior: A longitudinal study.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022Article
- Inequitable Distribution of FTP Marketing by Neighborhood Characteristics: Further Evidence for Targeted Marketing.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- A scoping review on disparities in exposure to advertising for e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products and implications for advancing a health equity research agenda.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
- e-Cigarette Cessation: Content Analysis of a Quit Vaping Community on Reddit.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
- Turning over a new leaf: Vape shop closings, openings and transitions in six U.S. Metropolitan statistical areas.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Convenience Store Access and E-cigarette Advertising Exposure Is Associated With Future E-cigarette Initiation Among Tobacco-Naïve Youth in the PATH Study (2013-2016).The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2021Article
- E-Cigarette Use among Current Smokers Experiencing Homelessness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) sales and use have increased rapidly, yet point-of-sale e-cigarette availability and marketing is understudied. We estimated changes in e-cigarette availability and marketing among tobacco retailers in the U.S., and associations with neighborhood characteristics. A national sample of tobacco retailers in the Contiguous U.S. was audited in 2014 and 2015 (n = 1,905 and n = 2,126, respectively) to observe e-cigarette availability and marketing (signs, ads, displays and promotions) and generate national prevalence estimates. Store, neighborhood and state level correlates of 2015 e-cigarette availability, price promotions and exterior advertising were analyzed using multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear models. E-cigarettes were sold at 72.0% of retailers in 2014 and at 79.2% in 2015. Price promotions increased from 11.9% to 20.2% of retailers. Among retailers that did not previously sell e-cigarettes in 2012, availability in 2015 was greater for retailers in neighborhoods with the highest proportion of Black residents (vs. lowest). E-cigarette price promotions were more prevalent in neighborhoods with more Hispanic residents, while exterior e-cigarette marketing was more prevalent in neighborhoods with more Black residents. State smoking prevalence was positively associated with e-cigarette availability, promotions and advertising. E-cigarette point-of-sale availability and marketing increased between 2014 and 2015 and expanded to neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Black residents between 2012 and 2015. Retailers located within states with high smoking prevalence appear to be targeted by e-cigarette marketing. As e-cigarettes become the target of more regulations, understanding changes in the e-cigarette retail environment is critical to inform potential policies regulating their sale and marketing.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.