ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Recent Advances and Contradictions in the Study of the Individual Roles of Ubiquitin Ligases That Regulate RIG-I-Like Receptor-Mediated Antiviral Innate Immune Responses.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- FGF8-mediated TRIM16 regulation promotes K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of RIG-I to facilitate Influenza a virus immune evasion.Virulence · 2026Article
- Whole-Genome Resequencing-Based Selection-Signal and Association Analyses Prioritize Candidate Genes and Haplotypes for PRRS Resistance-Related Traits in Pigs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Evidence of Mitochondrial Double-Stranded RNA Accumulation in Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Telomere Crisis Shapes Cancer Evolution.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial double-stranded RNA accumulation in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sec8: a novel positive regulator of RIG-I in anti-RNA viral defense.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Opening the black box: insights into ubiquitin-mediated control of innate antiviral immunity and AI-enhanced therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- LncRNA-protein interactions: molecular switches for the precise regulation of innate immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Aging impairs the antiviral defense in Caenorhabditis elegans due to loss of DRH-1/RIG-I deSUMOylation by ULP-4/SENP7.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Nuclear Fraction Proteome Analyses During rAAV Production of AAV2-Plasmid-Transfected HEK-293 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Mechanism by which porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus disrupts host innate immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- TRIM22 promotes glioblastoma development by ubiquitinating Bcl-2.Molecular & cellular oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Macrocephaly and Finger Changes: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Potential Roles of Host Cell miRNAs in Fine-Tuning Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) Molecular Pathogenesis, Tissue Tropism, and Immune Regulation.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- miR-26a exerts broad-spectrum antiviral effects via the enhancement of RIG-I-mediated type I interferon response by targeting USP15.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Telomeres as hotspots for innate immunity and inflammation.DNA repair · 2024Review
- Evolution and expression of the duck TRIM gene repertoire.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
RIG-I and MDA5 are cytoplasmic viral RNA sensors and are essential for antiviral innate immune responses, such as type I interferon production. Post-translational modification is critical for the activation and inactivation of RIG-I and MDA5. At least seven ubiquitin ligases have been reported to be involved in either K63- or K48-linked polyubiquitination of RIG-I and MDA5, and these ubiquitin ligases are further regulated by other factors. TRIM25 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that delivers a K63-linked polyubiquitin moiety to the caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs) of RIG-I, thereby activating the antiviral innate immune response. Recent studies have shown that NDR2, ZCCHC3, and Lnczc3h7a promote TRIM25-mediated RIG-I activation. Riplet is another ubiquitin ligase that mediates the K63-linked polyubiquitination of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RIG-I; however, it was also reported that Riplet delivers the K63-linked polyubiquitin moiety to the CARDs of RIG-I as well as to the CTD, thereby activating RIG-I. Further, there are several factors that attenuate the activation of RIG-I and MDA5. RNF125, TRIM40, and c-Cbl mediate K48-linked polyubiquitination and induce degradation of RIG-I and/or MDA5. USP21 and CYLD remove the K63-linked polyubiquitin chain from RIG-I, and NLRP12 inhibits polyubiquitin-mediated RIG-I activation. Although these new regulators have been reported, their distinctive roles and functional differences remain elusive, and in some cases, studies on the topic are contradictory to each other. In the present review, recent studies related to post-translational modifications of RIG-I and MDA5 are summarized, and several controversies and unanswered questions in this field are discussed.
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