ReviewClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2020
The Role of Time Exposed to Outdoor Light for Myopia Prevalence and Progression: A Literature Review.
Review in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Twice versus once daily application of 0.01% atropine for myopia control in children: a randomised controlled trial.Eye (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Spectacle lenses for control of myopia progression in children.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Review
- Using deep learning to explore the impacts of street-view green space on school myopia prevalence: a multicenter, cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Light and myopia: a focus on the expanding role of non-visual opsins.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Review
- Influence of light on myopia-a review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Optical and Visual Diet in Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Key strategies to reduce the global burden of myopia: consensus from the international myopia summit.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Myopia and daylight-A combination of factors.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Pharmaceutical Prescribing Privileges for Optometrists to Combat Childhood Myopia in Singapore: Public Health Policy Review and Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Impacts of environments on school myopia by spatial analysis techniques in Wuhan.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Following prevalence of myopia in a large Swiss military cohort over the last decade: where is the European "myopia boom"?Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Myopia Control: Are We Ready for an Evidence Based Approach?Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Review
- Nutritional intake, environmental factors, and their impact on myopia prevalence in Korean children aged 5-12 years.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Lifestyle Factors in Myopic Spanish Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Low-dose daylight exposure induces nitric oxide release and maintains cell viability in vitro.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Myopia Management in Daily Routine - A Survey of European Pediatric Ophthalmologists.Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde · 2023Article
- Myopia progression in school children with prolonged screen time during the coronavirus disease confinement.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2023Article
- The effect of COVID-19 imposed lockdown on Italian children with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2022Article
- Does Physical Activity Moderate the Relationship between Myopia and Functional Status in Children 9-11 Years of Age?Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Time spent outdoors as an intervention for myopia prevention and control in children: an overview of systematic reviews.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe development of myopia as a refractive disorder seems to hold multifactorial causes. Among others, increased time exposed to natural light outdoors is regarded as possible effective preventive measure against myopia development. The objective of this review is to analyse and summarize the evidence investigating the association between time outdoors and myopia prevalence and progression.
methodsA review, restricted to articles published in the last ten years, was conducted. The literature search for the included articles was performed in the following databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus. If predefined inclusion criteria were met, the studies were further categorized and data were summarized and individually evaluated.
resultsTwo cross-sectional studies, 7 prospective cohort studies and 3 intervention studies were reported in this review, representing the data of a total of 32,381 participants. The majority of the studies found an inverse association between myopia incidence/prevalence and increased time outdoors. The association between time outdoors and myopia progression on the other hand remains debatable; one recent randomized controlled trial indicating a protective value of increased time outdoors for further progression in myopic children.
conclusionIn summary, increasing time exposed to outdoor light seems to be a simple and effective preventive measure to decrease myopia prevalence. Also, contrasting previous review work, it may represent a potential strategy for myopia progression control. Future investigation is necessary to better define and quantify outdoor time and its effects on myopia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.