Trial reportScientific reports2020
Factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the Japan Environment and Children's Study.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Examining the association between prenatal inflammation and postpartum depression in a large, prospective pregnancy cohort in New York City.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Network Structure of Perinatal Depressive Symptoms Among Women in Rural Bihar.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Development and psychometric test of self-advocacy scale for patients with stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Mental Health of Postpartum Women During and After COVID-19: Analysis of Two Population-Based National Maternity Surveys in Romania (2020-2025).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the whole perinatal period: a multicenter cohort study in China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the Japanese Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for screening postpartum anxiety.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Assessment of the factor structure of the EPDS in Chinese perinatal women: a longitudinal study using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The biosafety incident response competence scale for clinical nursing staff: a development and validation study.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Depressive Disorder with Postpartum Onset: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comparing the factor structures and reliabilities of the EPDS and the PHQ-9 for screening antepartum and postpartum depression: a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis.Archives of women's mental health · 2023Article
- Impact of longer working hours on fathers' parenting behavior when their infants are 6 months old: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Factor structure of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form used in the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Temporal Stability of Responses to the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale by Bedouin Mothers in Southern Israel.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Maternal personality and postpartum mental disorders in Japan: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on one-month postpartum mothers in a metropolitan area of Japan.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Factors of Having Difficulties Raising 3-Year-Old Children in Japan: Usefulness of Maternal and Child Health Information Accumulated by the Local Government.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Paternal childcare at 6 months and risk of maternal psychological distress at 1 year after delivery: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2021Article
- Antenatal depressive symptoms and adverse perinatal outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is frequently used to screen for postpartum depression. However, its factor structure exhibits noticeable inconsistencies between studies. We examined the EPDS at two postpartum time points using a large dataset from outside Western countries. Participants were 91,063 mothers in an ongoing birth cohort of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. One-, two-, and three-factor structures of the EPDS at 1- and 6-months postpartum were extracted using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with oblique rotation. Goodness-of-fit indices of extracted factor structures were compared with prior ones by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA revealed that a three-factor model extracted from the current EFA-anxiety (items 3, 4, 5, and 6), depression (items 7, 9, and 10), and anhedonia (items 1 and 2)-showed acceptably high goodness-of-fit and invariability across time. These three factors explained about 65% of the total variance with good reliability (all Cronbach's αs ≥ 0.70). Most three-factor structures (vs. two-) showed higher goodness-of-fit indices. In conclusion, although we only examined the postpartum period, the EPDS likely comprises three dimensions: anxiety, depression, and anhedonia. Our findings raise questions about the one- or two-factor structure of the EPDS.Trial registration: UMIN000030786.
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