ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2021
Synaptic and complement markers in extracellular vesicles in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicle-Derived microRNAs as Fluid Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Pooled it
- Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles in blood reveal effects of exercise in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Trial
- Markers and Enrichment Strategies for Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Current Evidence, Limitations and Future Directions.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Extracellular Vesicles From Multiple Sclerosis White Matter Exhibit Synaptic, Mitochondrial, Complement and Ageing-Related Pathway Dysregulation.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Most L1CAM Is not Associated with Extracellular Vesicles in Human Biofluids and iPSC-Derived Neurons.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicle-Derived MicroRNAs as a Biomarker for Therapeutic Response in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Observational
- Changes in circulating extracellular vesicle cargo are associated with cognitive decline after major surgery: an observational case-control study.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Observational
- Detection and Isolation of Tissue-Specific Extracellular Vesicles From the Blood.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicle proteomics uncovers energy metabolism, complement system, and endoplasmic reticulum stress response dysregulation postexercise in males with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles: translational research and applications in neurology.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Investigating T-cell-derived extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of disease activity, axonal injury, and disability in multiple sclerosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Proteomic analysis reveals candidate molecules to mediate cortical pathology and identify possible biomarkers in an animal model of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Brain-derived blood biomarkers in multiple sclerosis-current trends and beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Tetraspanins, GLAST and L1CAM Quantification in Single Extracellular Vesicles from Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of People with Multiple Sclerosis.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Quantitative Analysis of Complement Membrane Attack Complex Proteins Associated with Extracellular Vesicles.Proteomes · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: The Next Generation of Biomarkers and Treatment for Central Nervous System Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Synaptic Protein Loss in Extracellular Vesicles Reflects Brain and Retinal Atrophy in People With Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Central nervous system-derived extracellular vesicles: the next generation of neural circulating biomarkers?Translational neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSynaptic loss is a feature of multiple sclerosis pathology that can be seen even in normal-appearing gray matter. Opsonization of synapses with complement components may underlie pathologic synapse loss.
objectiveWe sought to determine whether circulating neuronal-enriched and astrocytic-enriched extracellular vesicles (NEVs and AEVs) provide biomarkers reflecting complement-mediated synaptic loss in multiple sclerosis.
methodsFrom plasma of 61 people with multiple sclerosis (46 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 15 progressive MS) and 31 healthy controls, we immunocaptured L1CAM + NEVs and GLAST + AEVs. We measured pre- and post-synaptic proteins synaptopodin and synaptophysin in NEVs and complement components (C1q, C3, C3b/iC3b, C4, C5, C5a, C9, Factor B, and Factor H) in AEVs, total circulating EVs, and neat plasma.
resultsWe found lower levels of NEV synaptopodin and synaptophysin in MS compared to controls (
conclusionCirculating EVs could identify synaptic loss in MS and suggest a link between astrocytic complement production and synaptic loss.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.